Hydroxyl radical in/on illuminated polar snow: formation rates, lifetimes,
and steady-state concentrations

Chen, Zeyuan; Chu, Liang; Galbavy, Edward S.; Ram, Keren; Anastasio, Cort

doi:10.5194/acp-16-9579-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 15

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9579-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9579-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 15

Research article

|

02 Aug 2016

Research article |

| 02 Aug 2016

Hydroxyl radical in/on illuminated polar snow: formation rates, lifetimes, and steady-state concentrations

Zeyuan Chen, Liang Chu, Edward S. Galbavy, Keren Ram, and Cort Anastasio

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Jul 2016	4	3	0	7
Aug 2016	57	39	2	98
Sep 2016	8	18	1	27
Oct 2016	9	20	0	29
Nov 2016	6	13	0	19
Dec 2016	5	4	0	9
Jan 2017	13	2	1	16
Feb 2017	9	6	2	17
Mar 2017	19	6	2	27
Apr 2017	14	7	0	21
May 2017	19	14	2	35
Jun 2017	14	8	1	23
Jul 2017	16	12	0	28
Aug 2017	11	8	4	23
Sep 2017	7	9	0	16
Oct 2017	14	5	0	19
Nov 2017	10	4	0	14
Dec 2017	10	10	2	22
Jan 2018	12	9	0	21
Feb 2018	5	6	0	11
Mar 2018	10	9	0	19
Apr 2018	7	8	3	18
May 2018	15	6	0	21
Jun 2018	3	3	0	6
Jul 2018	6	8	0	14
Aug 2018	13	8	2	23
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Oct 2018	14	5	1	20
Nov 2018	9	9	1	19
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Jan 2019	2	2	4	8
Feb 2019	4	6	0	10
Mar 2019	9	9	1	19
Apr 2019	6	4	2	12
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Aug 2019	8	6	5	19
Sep 2019	4	4	5	13
Oct 2019	5	6	1	12
Nov 2019	6	3	1	10
Dec 2019	4	6	3	13
Jan 2020	5	4	0	9
Feb 2020	8	2	1	11
Mar 2020	4	5	1	10
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Jul 2020	17	15	5	37
Aug 2020	11	6	2	19
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Oct 2020	5	3	1	9
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Jan 2021	14	6	0	20
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Apr 2021	9	11	4	24
May 2021	7	5	3	15
Jun 2021	7	3	0	10
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Aug 2021	3	6	2	11
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Nov 2021	6	25	5	36
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Jan 2023	3	7	0	10
Feb 2023	7	7	0	14
Mar 2023	7	6	0	13
Apr 2023	10	4	0	14
May 2023	34	6	1	41
Jun 2023	39	5	1	45
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Sep 2023	38	8	3	49
Oct 2023	41	3	2	46
Nov 2023	24	1	1	26
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Jan 2024	38	4	1	43
Feb 2024	38	5	0	43
Mar 2024	43	15	1	59
Apr 2024	44	6	4	54
May 2024	19	9	0	28
Jun 2024	39	5	12	56
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Aug 2024	24	6	2	32
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Oct 2024	15	7	0	22
Nov 2024	11	5	3	19
Dec 2024	4	3	1	8
Jan 2025	14	6	0	20
Feb 2025	25	8	2	35
Mar 2025	13	8	2	23
Apr 2025	9	7	0	16
May 2025	14	6	0	20
Jun 2025	47	12	2	61
Jul 2025	34	12	1	47
Aug 2025	36	11	2	49
Sep 2025	68	11	2	81
Oct 2025	15	22	0	37
Nov 2025	22	14	4	40
Dec 2025	1	0	1

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 04 Mar 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Mar 2016	127	34	2	163
Apr 2016	15	6	1	22
May 2016	6	3	1	10
Jun 2016	7	1	8
Jul 2016	4	3	0	7
Aug 2016	57	39	2	98
Sep 2016	8	18	1	27
Oct 2016	9	20	0	29
Nov 2016	6	13	0	19
Dec 2016	5	4	0	9
Jan 2017	13	2	1	16
Feb 2017	9	6	2	17
Mar 2017	19	6	2	27
Apr 2017	14	7	0	21
May 2017	19	14	2	35
Jun 2017	14	8	1	23
Jul 2017	16	12	0	28
Aug 2017	11	8	4	23
Sep 2017	7	9	0	16
Oct 2017	14	5	0	19
Nov 2017	10	4	0	14
Dec 2017	10	10	2	22
Jan 2018	12	9	0	21
Feb 2018	5	6	0	11
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Jul 2018	6	8	0	14
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Oct 2018	14	5	1	20
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Mar 2019	9	9	1	19
Apr 2019	6	4	2	12
May 2019	10	6	6	22
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Mar 2022	5	8	4	17
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Nov 2022	12	7	1	20
Dec 2022	5	2	2	9
Jan 2023	3	7	0	10
Feb 2023	7	7	0	14
Mar 2023	7	6	0	13
Apr 2023	10	4	0	14
May 2023	34	6	1	41
Jun 2023	39	5	1	45
Jul 2023	36	7	0	43
Aug 2023	30	3	1	34
Sep 2023	38	8	3	49
Oct 2023	41	3	2	46
Nov 2023	24	1	1	26
Dec 2023	39	5	3	47
Jan 2024	38	4	1	43
Feb 2024	38	5	0	43
Mar 2024	43	15	1	59
Apr 2024	44	6	4	54
May 2024	19	9	0	28
Jun 2024	39	5	12	56
Jul 2024	17	6	3	26
Aug 2024	24	6	2	32
Sep 2024	8	3	0	11
Oct 2024	15	7	0	22
Nov 2024	11	5	3	19
Dec 2024	4	3	1	8
Jan 2025	14	6	0	20
Feb 2025	25	8	2	35
Mar 2025	13	8	2	23
Apr 2025	9	7	0	16
May 2025	14	6	0	20
Jun 2025	47	12	2	61
Jul 2025	34	12	1	47
Aug 2025	36	11	2	49
Sep 2025	68	11	2	81
Oct 2025	15	22	0	37
Nov 2025	22	14	4	40
Dec 2025	1	0	1

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Short summary

We made the first measurements of the concentrations of hydroxyl radical (^•OH), a dominant environmental oxidant, in snow grains. Concentrations of ^•OH in snow at Summit, Greenland, are comparable to values reported for midlatitude cloud and fog drops, even though impurity levels in the snow are much lower. At these concentrations, the lifetimes of organics and bromide in Summit snow are approximately 3 days and 7 h, respectively, suggesting that OH is a major oxidant for both species.