Fine particulate matter in the tropical environment: monsoonal effects,  source apportionment, and health risk assessment

Khan, M. F.; Latif, M. T.; Saw, W. H.; Amil, N.; Nadzir, M. S. M.; Sahani, M.; Tahir, N. M.; Chung, J. X.

doi:10.5194/acp-16-597-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 2

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-597-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-597-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 2

Research article

|

19 Jan 2016

Research article |

| 19 Jan 2016

Fine particulate matter in the tropical environment: monsoonal effects, source apportionment, and health risk assessment

M. F. Khan, M. T. Latif, W. H. Saw, N. Amil, M. S. M. Nadzir, M. Sahani, N. M. Tahir, and J. X. Chung

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Total article views: 6,913 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	Supplement	BibTeX	EndNote
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XML: 233
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Supplement: 672
BibTeX: 142
EndNote: 253

Views and downloads (calculated since 18 Aug 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Aug 2015	117	99	3	219
Sep 2015	21	33	2	56
Oct 2015	38	16	12	66
Nov 2015	16	20	10	46
Dec 2015	7	12	8	27
Jan 2016	138	61	8	207
Feb 2016	81	34	3	118
Mar 2016	42	37	1	80
Apr 2016	34	25	1	60
May 2016	34	19	2	55
Jun 2016	16	17	3	36
Jul 2016	16	20	5	41
Aug 2016	18	14	1	33
Sep 2016	12	14	1	27
Oct 2016	26	12	0	38
Nov 2016	10	8	0	18
Dec 2016	10	5	0	15
Jan 2017	29	17	1	47
Feb 2017	18	8	2	28
Mar 2017	33	34	2	69
Apr 2017	27	22	1	50
May 2017	42	25	0	67
Jun 2017	38	28	3	69
Jul 2017	31	19	0	50
Aug 2017	13	18	0	31
Sep 2017	16	17	2	35
Oct 2017	20	19	2	41
Nov 2017	28	29	0	57
Dec 2017	19	16	1	36
Jan 2018	15	18	0	33
Feb 2018	23	19	0	42
Mar 2018	18	15	1	34
Apr 2018	19	19	0	38
May 2018	20	18	5	43
Jun 2018	16	13	0	29
Jul 2018	13	13	0	26
Aug 2018	17	11	0	28
Sep 2018	26	13	0	39
Oct 2018	22	12	3	37
Nov 2018	25	17	0	42
Dec 2018	11	7	2	20
Jan 2019	13	12	2	27
Feb 2019	9	5	1	15
Mar 2019	11	13	0	24
Apr 2019	14	12	3	29
May 2019	16	24	0	40
Jun 2019	11	11	2	24
Jul 2019	15	15	2	32
Aug 2019	12	10	1	23
Sep 2019	10	6	1	17
Oct 2019	13	17	1	31
Nov 2019	6	15	0	21
Dec 2019	6	15	1	22
Jan 2020	21	14	0	35
Feb 2020	10	7	2	19
Mar 2020	4	6	1	11
Apr 2020	14	4	0	18
May 2020	11	11	3	25
Jun 2020	31	10	0	41
Jul 2020	27	15	6	48
Aug 2020	15	10	3	28
Sep 2020	17	17	4	38
Oct 2020	14	12	1	27
Nov 2020	19	16	1	36
Dec 2020	21	14	0	35
Jan 2021	30	16	2	48
Feb 2021	20	13	0	33
Mar 2021	28	15	2	45
Apr 2021	28	22	5	55
May 2021	23	17	1	41
Jun 2021	25	8	1	34
Jul 2021	17	14	2	33
Aug 2021	15	21	1	37
Sep 2021	22	18	1	41
Oct 2021	20	42	2	64
Nov 2021	22	37	2	61
Dec 2021	16	17	1	34
Jan 2022	16	19	0	35
Feb 2022	19	18	3	40
Mar 2022	15	17	2	34
Apr 2022	26	14	2	42
May 2022	15	18	1	34
Jun 2022	21	19	2	42
Jul 2022	16	12	1	29
Aug 2022	17	16	1	34
Sep 2022	14	17	3	34
Oct 2022	15	7	2	24
Nov 2022	31	15	0	46
Dec 2022	23	9	0	32
Jan 2023	27	23	1	51
Feb 2023	30	19	1	50
Mar 2023	53	25	0	78
Apr 2023	18	22	1	41
May 2023	49	12	1	62
Jun 2023	48	19	2	69
Jul 2023	57	25	1	83
Aug 2023	51	28	6	85
Sep 2023	64	12	1	77
Oct 2023	117	9	4	130
Nov 2023	124	10	0	134
Dec 2023	112	14	4	130
Jan 2024	93	40	1	134
Feb 2024	81	38	2	121
Mar 2024	81	30	4	115
Apr 2024	104	35	4	143
May 2024	97	19	2	118
Jun 2024	84	35	1	120
Jul 2024	135	19	3	157
Aug 2024	142	9	5	156
Sep 2024	50	14	0	64
Oct 2024	36	15	1	52
Nov 2024	28	13	2	43
Dec 2024	37	12	2	51
Jan 2025	39	15	1	55
Feb 2025	58	17	1	76
Mar 2025	41	16	5	62
Apr 2025	33	20	2	55
May 2025	51	24	3	78
Jun 2025	50	19	1	70
Jul 2025	25	23	1	49
Aug 2025	60	23	0	83
Sep 2025	54	90	8	152
Oct 2025	37	71	0	108
Nov 2025	48	50	5	103
Dec 2025	4	3	0	7

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 18 Aug 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Aug 2015	117	99	3	219
Sep 2015	21	33	2	56
Oct 2015	38	16	12	66
Nov 2015	16	20	10	46
Dec 2015	7	12	8	27
Jan 2016	138	61	8	207
Feb 2016	81	34	3	118
Mar 2016	42	37	1	80
Apr 2016	34	25	1	60
May 2016	34	19	2	55
Jun 2016	16	17	3	36
Jul 2016	16	20	5	41
Aug 2016	18	14	1	33
Sep 2016	12	14	1	27
Oct 2016	26	12	0	38
Nov 2016	10	8	0	18
Dec 2016	10	5	0	15
Jan 2017	29	17	1	47
Feb 2017	18	8	2	28
Mar 2017	33	34	2	69
Apr 2017	27	22	1	50
May 2017	42	25	0	67
Jun 2017	38	28	3	69
Jul 2017	31	19	0	50
Aug 2017	13	18	0	31
Sep 2017	16	17	2	35
Oct 2017	20	19	2	41
Nov 2017	28	29	0	57
Dec 2017	19	16	1	36
Jan 2018	15	18	0	33
Feb 2018	23	19	0	42
Mar 2018	18	15	1	34
Apr 2018	19	19	0	38
May 2018	20	18	5	43
Jun 2018	16	13	0	29
Jul 2018	13	13	0	26
Aug 2018	17	11	0	28
Sep 2018	26	13	0	39
Oct 2018	22	12	3	37
Nov 2018	25	17	0	42
Dec 2018	11	7	2	20
Jan 2019	13	12	2	27
Feb 2019	9	5	1	15
Mar 2019	11	13	0	24
Apr 2019	14	12	3	29
May 2019	16	24	0	40
Jun 2019	11	11	2	24
Jul 2019	15	15	2	32
Aug 2019	12	10	1	23
Sep 2019	10	6	1	17
Oct 2019	13	17	1	31
Nov 2019	6	15	0	21
Dec 2019	6	15	1	22
Jan 2020	21	14	0	35
Feb 2020	10	7	2	19
Mar 2020	4	6	1	11
Apr 2020	14	4	0	18
May 2020	11	11	3	25
Jun 2020	31	10	0	41
Jul 2020	27	15	6	48
Aug 2020	15	10	3	28
Sep 2020	17	17	4	38
Oct 2020	14	12	1	27
Nov 2020	19	16	1	36
Dec 2020	21	14	0	35
Jan 2021	30	16	2	48
Feb 2021	20	13	0	33
Mar 2021	28	15	2	45
Apr 2021	28	22	5	55
May 2021	23	17	1	41
Jun 2021	25	8	1	34
Jul 2021	17	14	2	33
Aug 2021	15	21	1	37
Sep 2021	22	18	1	41
Oct 2021	20	42	2	64
Nov 2021	22	37	2	61
Dec 2021	16	17	1	34
Jan 2022	16	19	0	35
Feb 2022	19	18	3	40
Mar 2022	15	17	2	34
Apr 2022	26	14	2	42
May 2022	15	18	1	34
Jun 2022	21	19	2	42
Jul 2022	16	12	1	29
Aug 2022	17	16	1	34
Sep 2022	14	17	3	34
Oct 2022	15	7	2	24
Nov 2022	31	15	0	46
Dec 2022	23	9	0	32
Jan 2023	27	23	1	51
Feb 2023	30	19	1	50
Mar 2023	53	25	0	78
Apr 2023	18	22	1	41
May 2023	49	12	1	62
Jun 2023	48	19	2	69
Jul 2023	57	25	1	83
Aug 2023	51	28	6	85
Sep 2023	64	12	1	77
Oct 2023	117	9	4	130
Nov 2023	124	10	0	134
Dec 2023	112	14	4	130
Jan 2024	93	40	1	134
Feb 2024	81	38	2	121
Mar 2024	81	30	4	115
Apr 2024	104	35	4	143
May 2024	97	19	2	118
Jun 2024	84	35	1	120
Jul 2024	135	19	3	157
Aug 2024	142	9	5	156
Sep 2024	50	14	0	64
Oct 2024	36	15	1	52
Nov 2024	28	13	2	43
Dec 2024	37	12	2	51
Jan 2025	39	15	1	55
Feb 2025	58	17	1	76
Mar 2025	41	16	5	62
Apr 2025	33	20	2	55
May 2025	51	24	3	78
Jun 2025	50	19	1	70
Jul 2025	25	23	1	49
Aug 2025	60	23	0	83
Sep 2025	54	90	8	152
Oct 2025	37	71	0	108
Nov 2025	48	50	5	103
Dec 2025	4	3	0	7

Latest update: 04 Dec 2025

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Short summary

Trans-boundary haze pollution is a major health and environmental concern during south-west and north-east monsoon in the South East Asian regions. The concentration of PM_2.5 exceeds the tolerable limits (WHO; USA EPA) during the summer monsoon. The novelty of this study is the source characterization of PM_2.5 and source-specific risk assessment during intense haze pollution, which are yet to be addressed in this region. The outcomes of this study will give an insight about future implications.