Investigating the source, transport, and isotope composition of water vapor in the planetary boundary layer

Griffis, Timothy J.; Wood, Jeffrey D.; Baker, John M.; Lee, Xuhui; Xiao, Ke; Chen, Zichong; Welp, Lisa R.; Schultz, Natalie M.; Gorski, Galen; Chen, Ming; Nieber, John

doi:10.5194/acp-16-5139-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 8

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5139-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5139-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 8

Research article

|

25 Apr 2016

Research article |

| 25 Apr 2016

Investigating the source, transport, and isotope composition of water vapor in the planetary boundary layer

Timothy J. Griffis, Jeffrey D. Wood, John M. Baker, Xuhui Lee, Ke Xiao, Zichong Chen, Lisa R. Welp, Natalie M. Schultz, Galen Gorski, Ming Chen, and John Nieber

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Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2016	94	37	2	133
Feb 2016	45	42	1	88
Mar 2016	52	44	0	96
Apr 2016	158	68	3	229
May 2016	75	27	6	108
Jun 2016	32	10	1	43
Jul 2016	32	18	2	52
Aug 2016	44	12	0	56
Sep 2016	24	5	0	29
Oct 2016	19	12	0	31
Nov 2016	24	32	0	56
Dec 2016	33	23	1	57
Jan 2017	50	37	0	87
Feb 2017	33	34	1	68
Mar 2017	57	55	1	113
Apr 2017	60	43	1	104
May 2017	51	60	0	111
Jun 2017	36	15	1	52
Jul 2017	32	13	0	45
Aug 2017	33	10	1	44
Sep 2017	22	15	0	37
Oct 2017	32	18	0	50
Nov 2017	22	14	1	37
Dec 2017	19	17	0	36
Jan 2018	14	14	0	28
Feb 2018	20	9	0	29
Mar 2018	17	27	0	44
Apr 2018	26	12	0	38
May 2018	23	19	0	42
Jun 2018	30	12	0	42
Jul 2018	22	13	1	36
Aug 2018	32	11	0	43
Sep 2018	23	16	0	39
Oct 2018	28	14	2	44
Nov 2018	32	12	5	49
Dec 2018	20	12	2	34
Jan 2019	14	13	2	29
Feb 2019	11	9	0	20
Mar 2019	11	14	0	25
Apr 2019	5	11	0	16
May 2019	21	15	1	37
Jun 2019	16	14	0	30
Jul 2019	24	16	0	40
Aug 2019	12	5	0	17
Sep 2019	10	53	1	64
Oct 2019	14	32	1	47
Nov 2019	17	32	0	49
Dec 2019	14	26	1	41
Jan 2020	31	11	0	42
Feb 2020	11	6	0	17
Mar 2020	8	5	0	13
Apr 2020	6	8	0	14
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Jun 2020	26	15	0	41
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Aug 2020	15	4	1	20
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Apr 2021	18	11	0	29
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Mar 2022	8	11	1	20
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Jan 2023	13	8	0	21
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Mar 2023	31	7	1	39
Apr 2023	11	12	0	23
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Jun 2023	41	4	1	46
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Mar 2024	52	15	2	69
Apr 2024	45	9	1	55
May 2024	23	11	3	37
Jun 2024	23	11	1	35
Jul 2024	20	9	2	31
Aug 2024	35	9	2	46
Sep 2024	19	3	2	24
Oct 2024	23	6	0	29
Nov 2024	17	5	2	24
Dec 2024	21	2	0	23
Jan 2025	29	8	1	38
Feb 2025	41	12	3	56
Mar 2025	25	11	0	36
Apr 2025	21	7	2	30
May 2025	36	4	0	40
Jun 2025	59	18	2	79
Jul 2025	28	19	1	48
Aug 2025	28	20	0	48
Sep 2025	34	20	1	55
Oct 2025	17	19	0	36
Nov 2025	35	24	4	63

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 18 Jan 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2016	94	37	2	133
Feb 2016	45	42	1	88
Mar 2016	52	44	0	96
Apr 2016	158	68	3	229
May 2016	75	27	6	108
Jun 2016	32	10	1	43
Jul 2016	32	18	2	52
Aug 2016	44	12	0	56
Sep 2016	24	5	0	29
Oct 2016	19	12	0	31
Nov 2016	24	32	0	56
Dec 2016	33	23	1	57
Jan 2017	50	37	0	87
Feb 2017	33	34	1	68
Mar 2017	57	55	1	113
Apr 2017	60	43	1	104
May 2017	51	60	0	111
Jun 2017	36	15	1	52
Jul 2017	32	13	0	45
Aug 2017	33	10	1	44
Sep 2017	22	15	0	37
Oct 2017	32	18	0	50
Nov 2017	22	14	1	37
Dec 2017	19	17	0	36
Jan 2018	14	14	0	28
Feb 2018	20	9	0	29
Mar 2018	17	27	0	44
Apr 2018	26	12	0	38
May 2018	23	19	0	42
Jun 2018	30	12	0	42
Jul 2018	22	13	1	36
Aug 2018	32	11	0	43
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Oct 2018	28	14	2	44
Nov 2018	32	12	5	49
Dec 2018	20	12	2	34
Jan 2019	14	13	2	29
Feb 2019	11	9	0	20
Mar 2019	11	14	0	25
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May 2019	21	15	1	37
Jun 2019	16	14	0	30
Jul 2019	24	16	0	40
Aug 2019	12	5	0	17
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Jul 2022	10	53	0	63
Aug 2022	9	48	1	58
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Oct 2022	14	13	2	29
Nov 2022	59	9	0	68
Dec 2022	13	3	0	16
Jan 2023	13	8	0	21
Feb 2023	13	5	0	18
Mar 2023	31	7	1	39
Apr 2023	11	12	0	23
May 2023	47	10	1	58
Jun 2023	41	4	1	46
Jul 2023	47	5	1	53
Aug 2023	42	7	2	51
Sep 2023	43	6	0	49
Oct 2023	48	11	1	60
Nov 2023	30	2	1	33
Dec 2023	49	10	2	61
Jan 2024	40	4	0	44
Feb 2024	42	6	0	48
Mar 2024	52	15	2	69
Apr 2024	45	9	1	55
May 2024	23	11	3	37
Jun 2024	23	11	1	35
Jul 2024	20	9	2	31
Aug 2024	35	9	2	46
Sep 2024	19	3	2	24
Oct 2024	23	6	0	29
Nov 2024	17	5	2	24
Dec 2024	21	2	0	23
Jan 2025	29	8	1	38
Feb 2025	41	12	3	56
Mar 2025	25	11	0	36
Apr 2025	21	7	2	30
May 2025	36	4	0	40
Jun 2025	59	18	2	79
Jul 2025	28	19	1	48
Aug 2025	28	20	0	48
Sep 2025	34	20	1	55
Oct 2025	17	19	0	36
Nov 2025	35	24	4	63

Latest update: 28 Nov 2025

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Short summary

Increasing atmospheric humidity and convective precipitation over land provide evidence of intensification of the hydrologic cycle. We present the first multi-annual isotope (oxygen and deuterium) water vapor observations from a very tall tower (185 m) in the upper Midwest, United States, to diagnose the sources, transport, and fractionation of water vapor in the atmosphere. The results show a relatively high degree of summertime water recycling within the region (~30 % mean and ~60 % maximum).