Evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the Southern
Hemisphere tropical tropopause layer (TTL) from high-resolution balloon
observations

Khaykin, Sergey M.; Pommereau, Jean-Pierre; Riviere, Emmanuel D.; Held, Gerhard; Ploeger, Felix; Ghysels, Melanie; Amarouche, Nadir; Vernier, Jean-Paul; Wienhold, Frank G.; Ionov, Dmitry

doi:10.5194/acp-16-12273-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 18

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12273-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12273-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 18

Research article

|

29 Sep 2016

Research article |

| 29 Sep 2016

Evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the Southern Hemisphere tropical tropopause layer (TTL) from high-resolution balloon observations

Sergey M. Khaykin, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Emmanuel D. Riviere, Gerhard Held, Felix Ploeger, Melanie Ghysels, Nadir Amarouche, Jean-Paul Vernier, Frank G. Wienhold, and Dmitry Ionov

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Jul 2016	114	23	2	139
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Nov 2016	19	3	7	29
Dec 2016	12	8	1	21
Jan 2017	22	11	1	34
Feb 2017	17	9	1	27
Mar 2017	30	16	3	49
Apr 2017	40	28	2	70
May 2017	32	25	2	59
Jun 2017	30	12	1	43
Jul 2017	28	9	0	37
Aug 2017	16	15	1	32
Sep 2017	17	16	0	33
Oct 2017	15	23	0	38
Nov 2017	17	31	2	50
Dec 2017	8	20	0	28
Jan 2018	12	19	0	31
Feb 2018	9	14	0	23
Mar 2018	9	20	2	31
Apr 2018	8	24	0	32
May 2018	17	26	2	45
Jun 2018	14	30	0	44
Jul 2018	5	24	0	29
Aug 2018	20	23	0	43
Sep 2018	13	17	1	31
Oct 2018	20	24	2	46
Nov 2018	21	25	0	46
Dec 2018	10	19	0	29
Jan 2019	7	9	3	19
Feb 2019	7	6	0	13
Mar 2019	14	9	1	24
Apr 2019	12	19	1	32
May 2019	10	20	0	30
Jun 2019	12	16	0	28
Jul 2019	17	23	0	40
Aug 2019	7	23	0	30
Sep 2019	12	17	4	33
Oct 2019	4	21	1	26
Nov 2019	15	16	0	31
Dec 2019	4	18	1	23
Jan 2020	13	9	1	23
Feb 2020	11	7	1	19
Mar 2020	3	6	0	9
Apr 2020	6	8	0	14
May 2020	13	11	1	25
Jun 2020	20	9	0	29
Jul 2020	27	15	5	47
Aug 2020	15	10	3	28
Sep 2020	11	12	1	24
Oct 2020	15	11	0	26
Nov 2020	16	8	1	25
Dec 2020	11	11	2	24
Jan 2021	20	12	0	32
Feb 2021	9	14	0	23
Mar 2021	13	7	2	22
Apr 2021	21	11	1	33
May 2021	10	15	1	26
Jun 2021	15	18	2	35
Jul 2021	15	14	0	29
Aug 2021	7	10	2	19
Sep 2021	18	11	0	29
Oct 2021	16	41	1	58
Nov 2021	14	42	1	57
Dec 2021	17	18	1	36
Jan 2022	20	22	1	43
Feb 2022	19	10	1	30
Mar 2022	16	13	0	29
Apr 2022	9	17	1	27
May 2022	9	11	1	21
Jun 2022	11	10	1	22
Jul 2022	6	12	0	18
Aug 2022	21	11	0	32
Sep 2022	31	12	1	44
Oct 2022	22	11	1	34
Nov 2022	17	15	0	32
Dec 2022	13	15	0	28
Jan 2023	11	16	2	29
Feb 2023	13	17	0	30
Mar 2023	20	16	0	36
Apr 2023	12	10	0	22
May 2023	30	12	0	42
Jun 2023	41	8	0	49
Jul 2023	45	10	1	56
Aug 2023	60	18	5	83
Sep 2023	47	15	0	62
Oct 2023	57	13	1	71
Nov 2023	29	5	0	34
Dec 2023	63	9	0	72
Jan 2024	70	14	1	85
Feb 2024	55	19	0	74
Mar 2024	56	20	3	79
Apr 2024	51	19	3	73
May 2024	22	21	2	45
Jun 2024	22	15	1	38
Jul 2024	22	6	0	28
Aug 2024	50	9	2	61
Sep 2024	22	5	1	28
Oct 2024	23	7	0	30
Nov 2024	26	29	2	57
Dec 2024	27	31	2	60
Jan 2025	23	10	3	36
Feb 2025	35	10	2	47
Mar 2025	20	11	5	36
Apr 2025	32	15	0	47
May 2025	27	5	0	32
Jun 2025	33	8	2	43
Jul 2025	16	9	0	25
Aug 2025	39	19	2	60
Sep 2025	52	21	4	77
Oct 2025	34	19	0	53
Nov 2025	21	16	1	38

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 18 Jul 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jul 2016	114	23	2	139
Aug 2016	25	18	2	45
Sep 2016	32	16	1	49
Oct 2016	58	22	5	85
Nov 2016	19	3	7	29
Dec 2016	12	8	1	21
Jan 2017	22	11	1	34
Feb 2017	17	9	1	27
Mar 2017	30	16	3	49
Apr 2017	40	28	2	70
May 2017	32	25	2	59
Jun 2017	30	12	1	43
Jul 2017	28	9	0	37
Aug 2017	16	15	1	32
Sep 2017	17	16	0	33
Oct 2017	15	23	0	38
Nov 2017	17	31	2	50
Dec 2017	8	20	0	28
Jan 2018	12	19	0	31
Feb 2018	9	14	0	23
Mar 2018	9	20	2	31
Apr 2018	8	24	0	32
May 2018	17	26	2	45
Jun 2018	14	30	0	44
Jul 2018	5	24	0	29
Aug 2018	20	23	0	43
Sep 2018	13	17	1	31
Oct 2018	20	24	2	46
Nov 2018	21	25	0	46
Dec 2018	10	19	0	29
Jan 2019	7	9	3	19
Feb 2019	7	6	0	13
Mar 2019	14	9	1	24
Apr 2019	12	19	1	32
May 2019	10	20	0	30
Jun 2019	12	16	0	28
Jul 2019	17	23	0	40
Aug 2019	7	23	0	30
Sep 2019	12	17	4	33
Oct 2019	4	21	1	26
Nov 2019	15	16	0	31
Dec 2019	4	18	1	23
Jan 2020	13	9	1	23
Feb 2020	11	7	1	19
Mar 2020	3	6	0	9
Apr 2020	6	8	0	14
May 2020	13	11	1	25
Jun 2020	20	9	0	29
Jul 2020	27	15	5	47
Aug 2020	15	10	3	28
Sep 2020	11	12	1	24
Oct 2020	15	11	0	26
Nov 2020	16	8	1	25
Dec 2020	11	11	2	24
Jan 2021	20	12	0	32
Feb 2021	9	14	0	23
Mar 2021	13	7	2	22
Apr 2021	21	11	1	33
May 2021	10	15	1	26
Jun 2021	15	18	2	35
Jul 2021	15	14	0	29
Aug 2021	7	10	2	19
Sep 2021	18	11	0	29
Oct 2021	16	41	1	58
Nov 2021	14	42	1	57
Dec 2021	17	18	1	36
Jan 2022	20	22	1	43
Feb 2022	19	10	1	30
Mar 2022	16	13	0	29
Apr 2022	9	17	1	27
May 2022	9	11	1	21
Jun 2022	11	10	1	22
Jul 2022	6	12	0	18
Aug 2022	21	11	0	32
Sep 2022	31	12	1	44
Oct 2022	22	11	1	34
Nov 2022	17	15	0	32
Dec 2022	13	15	0	28
Jan 2023	11	16	2	29
Feb 2023	13	17	0	30
Mar 2023	20	16	0	36
Apr 2023	12	10	0	22
May 2023	30	12	0	42
Jun 2023	41	8	0	49
Jul 2023	45	10	1	56
Aug 2023	60	18	5	83
Sep 2023	47	15	0	62
Oct 2023	57	13	1	71
Nov 2023	29	5	0	34
Dec 2023	63	9	0	72
Jan 2024	70	14	1	85
Feb 2024	55	19	0	74
Mar 2024	56	20	3	79
Apr 2024	51	19	3	73
May 2024	22	21	2	45
Jun 2024	22	15	1	38
Jul 2024	22	6	0	28
Aug 2024	50	9	2	61
Sep 2024	22	5	1	28
Oct 2024	23	7	0	30
Nov 2024	26	29	2	57
Dec 2024	27	31	2	60
Jan 2025	23	10	3	36
Feb 2025	35	10	2	47
Mar 2025	20	11	5	36
Apr 2025	32	15	0	47
May 2025	27	5	0	32
Jun 2025	33	8	2	43
Jul 2025	16	9	0	25
Aug 2025	39	19	2	60
Sep 2025	52	21	4	77
Oct 2025	34	19	0	53
Nov 2025	21	16	1	38

Latest update: 19 Nov 2025

Short summary

The study makes use of a series of field experiments conducted in Brazil and aimed at studying the processes controlling the composition of the tropical lower stratosphere. High-resolution balloon-borne measurements together with global-coverage satellite observations and weather radar acquisitions are analysed using trajectory and transport modelling in order to evaluate the contribution of different transport pathways to the stratospheric water budget.