Articles | Volume 16, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11733-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11733-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Sep 2016
Research article |
| 21 Sep 2016
Atmospheric abundance and global emissions of perfluorocarbons CF4, C2F6 and C3F8 since 1800 inferred from ice core, firn, air archive and in situ measurements
Cathy M. Trudinger
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Paul J. Fraser
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
David M. Etheridge
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
William T. Sturges
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
Martin K. Vollmer
Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Matt Rigby
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Patricia Martinerie
UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, 38041 Grenoble, France
Jens Mühle
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
David R. Worton
National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
Paul B. Krummel
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
L. Paul Steele
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Benjamin R. Miller
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Johannes Laube
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
Francis S. Mani
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
Peter J. Rayner
School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
Christina M. Harth
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Emmanuel Witrant
UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS, Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique, Grenoble, France
Thomas Blunier
Center for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Jakob Schwander
Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change
Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Simon O'Doherty
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Mark Battle
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Maine, USA
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38 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Electrical Insulation Characteristics of LN2/CF4 Mixture at Cryogenic Temperatures J. Chen et al. 10.1109/TASC.2020.3017220
- Atmospheric histories and emissions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF<sub>3</sub>), ΣCFC-114 (C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub>), and CFC-115 (C<sub>2</sub>ClF<sub>5</sub>) M. Vollmer et al. 10.5194/acp-18-979-2018
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- Investigating stratospheric changes between 2009 and 2018 with halogenated trace gas data from aircraft, AirCores, and a global model focusing on CFC-11 J. Laube et al. 10.5194/acp-20-9771-2020
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- Emissions of Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) and Hexafluoroethane (C2F6) From East Asia: 2008 to 2019 J. Kim et al. 10.1029/2021JD034888
- Medusa–Aqua system: simultaneous measurement and evaluation of novel potential halogenated transient tracers HCFCs, HFCs, and PFCs in the ocean P. Li & T. Tanhua 10.5194/os-17-509-2021
- Trends and emissions of six perfluorocarbons in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere E. Droste et al. 10.5194/acp-20-4787-2020
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- Historical greenhouse gas concentrations for climate modelling (CMIP6) M. Meinshausen et al. 10.5194/gmd-10-2057-2017
- Artificial Greenhouse Gases as Exoplanet Technosignatures E. Schwieterman et al. 10.3847/1538-4357/ad4ce8
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- Highly Selective Adsorption of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases by Porous Organic Cages K. Tian et al. 10.1002/adma.202202290
- Diffusional Behavior of New Insulating Gas Mixtures as Alternatives to the SF6-Use in Medium Voltage Switchgear A. Espinazo et al. 10.3390/app12031436
- History of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric gases from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) R. Prinn et al. 10.5194/essd-10-985-2018
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- Evaluation of stratospheric age of air from CF<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>, CHF<sub>3</sub>, HFC-125, HFC-227ea and SF<sub>6</sub>; implications for the calculations of halocarbon lifetimes, fractional release factors and ozone depletion potentials E. Leedham Elvidge et al. 10.5194/acp-18-3369-2018
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- Revealing the global emission gaps for fully fluorinated greenhouse gases L. Guo & X. Fang 10.1038/s41598-024-58504-x
- Atmospheric histories, growth rates and solubilities in seawater and other natural waters of the potential transient tracers HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HFC-134a, HFC-125, HFC-23, PFC-14 and PFC-116 P. Li et al. 10.5194/os-15-33-2019
- New infrared absorption cross sections for the infrared limb sounding of carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) J. Harrison 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107432
- Life cycle assessment of ferroniobium and niobium oxides: Quantifying the reduction of environmental impacts as a result of production process improvements L. da Silva Lima et al. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131327
- Fluorinated greenhouse gas and net-zero emissions from the electronics industry: the proof is in the pudding S. Raoux 10.1080/17583004.2023.2179941
- Substantial increase in perfluorocarbons CF 4 (PFC-14) and C 2 F 6 (PFC-116) emissions in China M. An et al. 10.1073/pnas.2400168121
- Global trends and European emissions of tetrafluoromethane (CF<sub>4</sub>), hexafluoroethane (C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub>) and octafluoropropane (C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>) D. Say et al. 10.5194/acp-21-2149-2021
- A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017–2021 L. Western et al. 10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022
38 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Nanostructured Metal Oxide Semiconductors towards Greenhouse Gas Detection M. Dadkhah & J. Tulliani 10.3390/chemosensors10020057
- High-Temperature Fluorocarbon Chemistry Revisited C. Cobos et al. 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03654
- Electrical Insulation Characteristics of LN2/CF4 Mixture at Cryogenic Temperatures J. Chen et al. 10.1109/TASC.2020.3017220
- Atmospheric histories and emissions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF<sub>3</sub>), ΣCFC-114 (C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub>), and CFC-115 (C<sub>2</sub>ClF<sub>5</sub>) M. Vollmer et al. 10.5194/acp-18-979-2018
- Extraction network of forests and lakes along the railway based on remote sensing images X. Ye et al. 10.1080/01431161.2023.2295835
- Quantification of the SF6 lifetime based on mesospheric loss measured in the stratospheric polar vortex E. Ray et al. 10.1002/2016JD026198
- Investigating stratospheric changes between 2009 and 2018 with halogenated trace gas data from aircraft, AirCores, and a global model focusing on CFC-11 J. Laube et al. 10.5194/acp-20-9771-2020
- Catalytic thermal decomposition of tetrafluoromethane (CF4): A review A. Anus et al. 10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105126
- Emissions of Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) and Hexafluoroethane (C2F6) From East Asia: 2008 to 2019 J. Kim et al. 10.1029/2021JD034888
- Medusa–Aqua system: simultaneous measurement and evaluation of novel potential halogenated transient tracers HCFCs, HFCs, and PFCs in the ocean P. Li & T. Tanhua 10.5194/os-17-509-2021
- Trends and emissions of six perfluorocarbons in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere E. Droste et al. 10.5194/acp-20-4787-2020
- Abundances, emissions, and loss processes of the long-lived and potent greenhouse gas octafluorooxolane (octafluorotetrahydrofuran, <i>c</i>-C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub>O) in the atmosphere M. Vollmer et al. 10.5194/acp-19-3481-2019
- Historical greenhouse gas concentrations for climate modelling (CMIP6) M. Meinshausen et al. 10.5194/gmd-10-2057-2017
- Artificial Greenhouse Gases as Exoplanet Technosignatures E. Schwieterman et al. 10.3847/1538-4357/ad4ce8
- An Ex-ante LCA Study of Rare Earth Extraction from NdFeB Magnet Scrap Using Molten Salt Electrolysis R. Schulze et al. 10.1007/s40831-018-0198-9
- Highly Selective Adsorption of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases by Porous Organic Cages K. Tian et al. 10.1002/adma.202202290
- Diffusional Behavior of New Insulating Gas Mixtures as Alternatives to the SF6-Use in Medium Voltage Switchgear A. Espinazo et al. 10.3390/app12031436
- History of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric gases from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) R. Prinn et al. 10.5194/essd-10-985-2018
- Recent increases in the atmospheric growth rate and emissions of HFC-23 (CHF<sub>3</sub>) and the link to HCFC-22 (CHClF<sub>2</sub>) production P. Simmonds et al. 10.5194/acp-18-4153-2018
- Effect of kerogen maturity on the adsorption capacity of CO2 and CH4: A molecular investigation G. Glatz et al. 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125188
- S-doped SnO2 nanoparticles with a smaller grain size for highly efficient detection of greenhouse gas hexafluoroethane J. He et al. 10.1016/j.snb.2024.136335
- Projected increases in emissions of high global warming potential fluorinated gases in China L. Guo et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00859-6
- Southern Hemisphere atmospheric history of carbon monoxide over the late Holocene reconstructed from multiple Antarctic ice archives X. Faïn et al. 10.5194/cp-19-2287-2023
- Promoted CF4 Decomposition via Enhanced Tricoordinated Al Active Sites X. Wang et al. 10.1021/acsestengg.3c00583
- Unrivaled accuracy in measuring rotational transitions of greenhouse gases: THz CRDS of CF4 F. Simon et al. 10.1039/D4CP00653D
- Perfluorocyclobutane (PFC-318, <i>c</i>-C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub>) in the global atmosphere J. Mühle et al. 10.5194/acp-19-10335-2019
- Evaluation of stratospheric age of air from CF<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>, CHF<sub>3</sub>, HFC-125, HFC-227ea and SF<sub>6</sub>; implications for the calculations of halocarbon lifetimes, fractional release factors and ozone depletion potentials E. Leedham Elvidge et al. 10.5194/acp-18-3369-2018
- Abiotic pathways for the formation of ozone-depleting and other trace gases in the polythermal glacier on Galindez Island, Maritime Antarctica M. Bazylevska & V. Bogillo 10.33275/1727-7485.2.2023.715
- Adsorption and decomposition of perfluorinated compounds using NiSBA-15 and CuSBA-15 catalysts for greenhouse gas reduction N. Mdlovu et al. 10.1016/j.jtice.2024.105694
- CaSDa24: Latest updates to the Dijon calculated spectroscopic databases C. Richard et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109127
- Revealing the global emission gaps for fully fluorinated greenhouse gases L. Guo & X. Fang 10.1038/s41598-024-58504-x
- Atmospheric histories, growth rates and solubilities in seawater and other natural waters of the potential transient tracers HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HFC-134a, HFC-125, HFC-23, PFC-14 and PFC-116 P. Li et al. 10.5194/os-15-33-2019
- New infrared absorption cross sections for the infrared limb sounding of carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) J. Harrison 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107432
- Life cycle assessment of ferroniobium and niobium oxides: Quantifying the reduction of environmental impacts as a result of production process improvements L. da Silva Lima et al. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131327
- Fluorinated greenhouse gas and net-zero emissions from the electronics industry: the proof is in the pudding S. Raoux 10.1080/17583004.2023.2179941
- Substantial increase in perfluorocarbons CF 4 (PFC-14) and C 2 F 6 (PFC-116) emissions in China M. An et al. 10.1073/pnas.2400168121
- Global trends and European emissions of tetrafluoromethane (CF<sub>4</sub>), hexafluoroethane (C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub>) and octafluoropropane (C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>) D. Say et al. 10.5194/acp-21-2149-2021
- A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017–2021 L. Western et al. 10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022
Latest update: 20 Nov 2024
Short summary
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are potent, long-lived and mostly man-made greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere mainly during aluminium production and semiconductor manufacture. Here we present the first continuous histories of three PFCs from 1800 to 2014, derived from measurements of these PFCs in the atmosphere and in air bubbles in polar ice. The records show how human actions have affected these important greenhouse gases over the past century.
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are potent, long-lived and mostly man-made greenhouse gases released to...
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