Isotopic constraints on the role of hypohalous acids in sulfate aerosol
formation in the remote marine boundary layer

Chen, Qianjie; Geng, Lei; Schmidt, Johan A.; Xie, Zhouqing; Kang, Hui; Dachs, Jordi; Cole-Dai, Jihong; Schauer, Andrew J.; Camp, Madeline G.; Alexander, Becky

doi:10.5194/acp-16-11433-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 17

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11433-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11433-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 17

Research article

|

14 Sep 2016

Research article |

| 14 Sep 2016

Isotopic constraints on the role of hypohalous acids in sulfate aerosol formation in the remote marine boundary layer

Qianjie Chen, Lei Geng, Johan A. Schmidt, Zhouqing Xie, Hui Kang, Jordi Dachs, Jihong Cole-Dai, Andrew J. Schauer, Madeline G. Camp, and Becky Alexander

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May 2016	159	34	3	196
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Sep 2016	131	30	2	163
Oct 2016	28	14	1	43
Nov 2016	14	8	0	22
Dec 2016	4	5	0	9
Jan 2017	18	7	0	25
Feb 2017	15	7	1	23
Mar 2017	34	16	1	51
Apr 2017	32	18	0	50
May 2017	34	18	0	52
Jun 2017	20	8	0	28
Jul 2017	18	9	0	27
Aug 2017	15	13	1	29
Sep 2017	18	9	1	28
Oct 2017	17	11	1	29
Nov 2017	14	15	1	30
Dec 2017	7	8	0	15
Jan 2018	14	6	0	20
Feb 2018	17	6	0	23
Mar 2018	10	11	1	22
Apr 2018	10	9	0	19
May 2018	11	15	0	26
Jun 2018	7	8	0	15
Jul 2018	11	10	1	22
Aug 2018	17	5	0	22
Sep 2018	18	13	0	31
Oct 2018	18	11	1	30
Nov 2018	20	14	1	35
Dec 2018	15	6	1	22
Jan 2019	3	6	2	11
Feb 2019	5	3	0	8
Mar 2019	8	6	0	14
Apr 2019	6	7	0	13
May 2019	7	8	0	15
Jun 2019	8	6	0	14
Jul 2019	10	10	1	21
Aug 2019	11	9	0	20
Sep 2019	4	5	0	9
Oct 2019	6	6	1	13
Nov 2019	10	5	0	15
Dec 2019	5	4	0	9
Jan 2020	7	4	0	11
Feb 2020	9	3	0	12
Mar 2020	2	5	0	7
Apr 2020	6	5	0	11
May 2020	5	7	0	12
Jun 2020	20	18	0	38
Jul 2020	21	12	3	36
Aug 2020	15	14	2	31
Sep 2020	10	6	1	17
Oct 2020	4	8	0	12
Nov 2020	9	10	1	20
Dec 2020	8	3	0	11
Jan 2021	19	8	0	27
Feb 2021	7	8	0	15
Mar 2021	10	5	0	15
Apr 2021	7	7	0	14
May 2021	12	10	1	23
Jun 2021	6	8	0	14
Jul 2021	7	9	0	16
Aug 2021	4	14	1	19
Sep 2021	15	11	0	26
Oct 2021	11	37	0	48
Nov 2021	11	25	0	36
Dec 2021	13	10	0	23
Jan 2022	10	7	1	18
Feb 2022	6	7	1	14
Mar 2022	12	14	0	26
Apr 2022	11	7	1	19
May 2022	10	6	0	16
Jun 2022	10	9	0	19
Jul 2022	11	4	0	15
Aug 2022	16	3	1	20
Sep 2022	8	5	1	14
Oct 2022	16	4	1	21
Nov 2022	26	9	0	35
Dec 2022	18	10	0	28
Jan 2023	27	14	1	42
Feb 2023	31	10	0	41
Mar 2023	38	9	0	47
Apr 2023	13	9	1	23
May 2023	36	10	0	46
Jun 2023	49	4	1	54
Jul 2023	54	16	4	74
Aug 2023	49	12	2	63
Sep 2023	60	6	0	66
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Dec 2023	54	10	1	65
Jan 2024	52	5	1	58
Feb 2024	53	16	2	71
Mar 2024	67	19	4	90
Apr 2024	79	14	5	98
May 2024	34	8	0	42
Jun 2024	57	6	1	64
Jul 2024	17	10	5	32
Aug 2024	33	11	7	51
Sep 2024	25	4	3	32
Oct 2024	27	3	2	32
Nov 2024	10	6	3	19
Dec 2024	13	5	2	20
Jan 2025	23	7	4	34
Feb 2025	23	13	3	39
Mar 2025	15	5	2	22
Apr 2025	34	13	1	48
May 2025	36	9	0	45
Jun 2025	40	8	3	51
Jul 2025	19	12	0	31
Aug 2025	61	13	0	74
Sep 2025	65	17	2	84
Oct 2025	26	28	1	55
Nov 2025	24	16	1	41

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 12 May 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
May 2016	159	34	3	196
Jun 2016	31	11	1	43
Jul 2016	28	6	1	35
Aug 2016	24	12	1	37
Sep 2016	131	30	2	163
Oct 2016	28	14	1	43
Nov 2016	14	8	0	22
Dec 2016	4	5	0	9
Jan 2017	18	7	0	25
Feb 2017	15	7	1	23
Mar 2017	34	16	1	51
Apr 2017	32	18	0	50
May 2017	34	18	0	52
Jun 2017	20	8	0	28
Jul 2017	18	9	0	27
Aug 2017	15	13	1	29
Sep 2017	18	9	1	28
Oct 2017	17	11	1	29
Nov 2017	14	15	1	30
Dec 2017	7	8	0	15
Jan 2018	14	6	0	20
Feb 2018	17	6	0	23
Mar 2018	10	11	1	22
Apr 2018	10	9	0	19
May 2018	11	15	0	26
Jun 2018	7	8	0	15
Jul 2018	11	10	1	22
Aug 2018	17	5	0	22
Sep 2018	18	13	0	31
Oct 2018	18	11	1	30
Nov 2018	20	14	1	35
Dec 2018	15	6	1	22
Jan 2019	3	6	2	11
Feb 2019	5	3	0	8
Mar 2019	8	6	0	14
Apr 2019	6	7	0	13
May 2019	7	8	0	15
Jun 2019	8	6	0	14
Jul 2019	10	10	1	21
Aug 2019	11	9	0	20
Sep 2019	4	5	0	9
Oct 2019	6	6	1	13
Nov 2019	10	5	0	15
Dec 2019	5	4	0	9
Jan 2020	7	4	0	11
Feb 2020	9	3	0	12
Mar 2020	2	5	0	7
Apr 2020	6	5	0	11
May 2020	5	7	0	12
Jun 2020	20	18	0	38
Jul 2020	21	12	3	36
Aug 2020	15	14	2	31
Sep 2020	10	6	1	17
Oct 2020	4	8	0	12
Nov 2020	9	10	1	20
Dec 2020	8	3	0	11
Jan 2021	19	8	0	27
Feb 2021	7	8	0	15
Mar 2021	10	5	0	15
Apr 2021	7	7	0	14
May 2021	12	10	1	23
Jun 2021	6	8	0	14
Jul 2021	7	9	0	16
Aug 2021	4	14	1	19
Sep 2021	15	11	0	26
Oct 2021	11	37	0	48
Nov 2021	11	25	0	36
Dec 2021	13	10	0	23
Jan 2022	10	7	1	18
Feb 2022	6	7	1	14
Mar 2022	12	14	0	26
Apr 2022	11	7	1	19
May 2022	10	6	0	16
Jun 2022	10	9	0	19
Jul 2022	11	4	0	15
Aug 2022	16	3	1	20
Sep 2022	8	5	1	14
Oct 2022	16	4	1	21
Nov 2022	26	9	0	35
Dec 2022	18	10	0	28
Jan 2023	27	14	1	42
Feb 2023	31	10	0	41
Mar 2023	38	9	0	47
Apr 2023	13	9	1	23
May 2023	36	10	0	46
Jun 2023	49	4	1	54
Jul 2023	54	16	4	74
Aug 2023	49	12	2	63
Sep 2023	60	6	0	66
Oct 2023	57	16	1	74
Nov 2023	27	5	1	33
Dec 2023	54	10	1	65
Jan 2024	52	5	1	58
Feb 2024	53	16	2	71
Mar 2024	67	19	4	90
Apr 2024	79	14	5	98
May 2024	34	8	0	42
Jun 2024	57	6	1	64
Jul 2024	17	10	5	32
Aug 2024	33	11	7	51
Sep 2024	25	4	3	32
Oct 2024	27	3	2	32
Nov 2024	10	6	3	19
Dec 2024	13	5	2	20
Jan 2025	23	7	4	34
Feb 2025	23	13	3	39
Mar 2025	15	5	2	22
Apr 2025	34	13	1	48
May 2025	36	9	0	45
Jun 2025	40	8	3	51
Jul 2025	19	12	0	31
Aug 2025	61	13	0	74
Sep 2025	65	17	2	84
Oct 2025	26	28	1	55
Nov 2025	24	16	1	41

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Short summary

The formation mechanisms of sulfate in the marine boundary layer are not well understood, which could result in large uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing. We measure the oxygen isotopic composition (Δ¹⁷O) of sulfate collected in the MBL and analyze with a global transport model. Our results suggest that 33–50 % of MBL sulfate is formed via oxidation of S(IV) by hypohalous acids HOBr / HOCl in the aqueous phase, and the daily-mean HOBr/HOCl concentrations are on the order of 0.01–0.1 ppt.