Articles | Volume 16, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10543-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10543-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Spatial and temporal variability of urban fluxes of methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide above London, UK
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
Anja H. Tremper
MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College
London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
Christoforos H. Halios
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate,
P.O. Box 243, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
Simone Kotthaus
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate,
P.O. Box 243, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
Alex Bjorkegren
King's College London, Strand Campus, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
C. Sue B. Grimmond
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate,
P.O. Box 243, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
Janet F. Barlow
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate,
P.O. Box 243, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
Eiko Nemitz
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
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97 citations as recorded by crossref.
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97 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Partitioning methane flux by the eddy covariance method in a cool temperate bog based on a Bayesian framework M. UEYAMA et al.
- Technical note: Identifying biomass burning emissions during ASIA-AQ using greenhouse gas enhancement ratios J. Miech et al.
- Multiple-model based simulation of urban atmospheric methane concentration and the attributions to its seasonal variations: A case study in Hangzhou megacity, China J. Zhang et al.
- Net carbon dioxide emissions from central London A. Björkegren & C. Grimmond
- Observations of the Morning Development of the Urban Boundary Layer Over London, UK, Taken During the ACTUAL Project C. Halios & J. Barlow
- Urban land cover type determines the sensitivity of carbon dioxide fluxes to precipitation in Phoenix, Arizona E. Pérez-Ruiz et al.
- Efficient Sampling of Atmospheric Methane for Radiocarbon Analysis and Quantification of Fossil Methane G. Zazzeri et al.
- Tall tower eddy covariance measurements of CO2 fluxes in Vienna, Austria B. Matthews & H. Schume
- Unprivileged groups are less served by green cooling services in major European urban areas A. Rocha et al.
- High-Resolution Analysis of Temporal Variation and Driving Factors of CO2 Concentration in Nanning City in Spring 2024 J. Feng et al.
- Carbon uptake of an urban green space inferred from carbonyl sulfide fluxes J. Soininen et al.
- A decade of CO2 flux measured by the eddy covariance method including the COVID-19 pandemic period in an urban center in Sakai, Japan M. Ueyama & T. Takano
- Physical and chemical mechanisms of the daily-to-seasonal variation of PM10 in Korea S. Kim & K. Kim
- Evaluating methane inventories by isotopic analysis in the London region G. Zazzeri et al.
- Long-term variation in CO2 emissions with implications for the interannual trend in PM2.5 over the last decade in Beijing, China Z. Liu et al.
- Methane mapping, emission quantification, and attribution in two European cities: Utrecht (NL) and Hamburg (DE) H. Maazallahi et al.
- Atmospheric Boundary Layer Stability in Urban Beijing: Insights from Meteorological Tower and Doppler Wind Lidar L. Wang et al.
- Evaluation of interpolation methods for the prediction of urban methane concentrations C. Stadler et al.
- Magnitude and seasonal variation of N2O and CH4 emissions over a mixed agriculture-urban region X. Tong et al.
- GIS-Based Approach to Spatio-Temporal Interpolation of Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations in Limited Monitoring Dataset Y. Bezyk et al.
- Spatial variations in daytime methane and carbon dioxide emissions in two urban landscapes, Sakai, Japan T. Takano & M. Ueyama
- Technical note: Apportionment of Southeast Asian biomass burning and urban influence via in situ trace gas enhancement ratios J. DiGangi et al.
- Retrofitting green spaces based on dispersion and absorption of mobile-source carbon emissions X. Bai et al.
- Evaluating urban methane emissions and their attributes in a megacity, Osaka, Japan, via mobile and eddy covariance measurements M. Ueyama et al.
- Nitrous oxide flux observed with tall-tower eddy covariance over a heterogeneous rice cultivation landscape Y. Xie et al.
- Satellite derived trends and variability of CO2 concentrations in the Middle East during 2014–2023 R. Fonseca & D. Francis
- Anthropogenic Drivers of Hourly Air Pollutant Change in an Urban Environment during 2019–2021—A Case Study in Wuhan Y. Zhang et al.
- Dynamics of urban carbon emissions: A comparative analysis of pre- and post-lockdown through eddy covariance measurements L. Zhao et al.
- Unexpected V-shaped temperature dependence of methane fluxes informing its sources in a megacity of China R. Zhang et al.
- Intercomparison of eddy-covariance software for urban tall-tower sites C. Lan et al.
- Eddy covariance with slow-response greenhouse gas analysers on tall towers: bridging atmospheric and ecosystem greenhouse gas networks P. Herig Coimbra et al.
- Background heterogeneity and other uncertainties in estimating urban methane flux: results from the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX) N. Balashov et al.
- Measurements of traffic-dominated pollutant emissions in a Chinese megacity F. Squires et al.
- Evidence of Heating-Dominated Urban NOx Emissions S. Cliff et al.
- A System-Based Assessment of Methane Sources in an Eastern European Urban Environment (Cluj-Napoca, Romania) M. Hmoudah & C. Baciu
- Quantification of Urban Methane Emissions: A Combination of Stationary with Mobile Measurements F. Kohler et al.
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- Detection of local-scale changes in greenhouse gas emissions in urban environments using micrometeorological methods and comparison to a high-resolution inventory H. Kenion et al.
- Source decomposition of eddy-covariance CO2 flux measurements for evaluating a high-resolution urban CO2 emissions inventory K. Wu et al.
- Theoretical assessment of the ability of the MicroCarb satellite city-scan observing mode to estimate urban CO2 emissions K. Wu et al.
- Continuous CH4 and δ13CH4 measurements in London demonstrate under-reported natural gas leakage E. Saboya et al.
- Urban Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, and Methane Determined from Ground-Based Measurements in Philadelphia D. Anderson et al.
- Analysis of urban carbon flux patterns: A case study of Hefei station Z. Lu et al.
- Scaling Urban Methane Emissions: Utility of Single-Site Measurements in Five Urban Domains K. Mueller et al.
- Benzene and other hazardous air pollutants in consumer-grade natural gas in Europe T. Sparks et al.
- Near-surface atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) in Florence urban area: Inferring emitting sources through carbon isotopic analysis S. Venturi et al.
- Radiocarbon Measurements Reveal Underestimated Fossil CH4 and CO2 Emissions in London G. Zazzeri et al.
- Natural Gas Leakage Ratio Determined from Flux Measurements of Methane in Urban Beijing Y. Huangfu et al.
- Space-based observation of global increase in urban methane emissions from 2019–2023 E. Whiting et al.
- Estimation of Nocturnal Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Yekaterinburg in 2018–2019 I. Yurkov et al.
- Review of Urban Carbon Emissions Based on the Eddy Covariance Technique Y. Li et al.
- Measurement of recreational N2O emissions from an urban environment in Manchester, UK P. Barker et al.
- New particle formation in the tropical free troposphere during CAMP2Ex: statistics and impact of emission sources, convective activity, and synoptic conditions Q. Xiao et al.
- Urban – Wetland contrast in turbulent exchange of methane W. Pawlak et al.
- Multi-level CO2 fluxes over Beijing megacity with the eddy covariance method Y. Liu et al.
- Climate Impact Comparison of Electric and Gas‐Powered End‐User Appliances F. Dietrich et al.
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- Natural Gas and Biogenic CH4 Emissions from an Urban Center, Sakai, Japan, Based on Simultaneous Measurements of CH4 and C2H6 fluxes Based on the Eddy Covariance Method M. Ueyama et al.
- Sectoral attribution of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions using multi-species eddy covariance on a tall tower in Zurich, Switzerland R. Hilland et al.
- Atmospheric CO₂ concentration gradients at the coastal region of the Yangtze River Delta: Patterns and drivers Y. Lin et al.
- Spatial variability and determinants of atmospheric methane concentrations in the metropolitan city of Shanghai, China M. Liu et al.
- Variability and role of long-wave radiation fluxes in the formation of net radiation and thermal features of grassy and bare soil active surfaces in Wrocław K. Bryś et al.
- Vertical distributions of atmospheric black carbon in dry and wet seasons observed at a 356-m meteorological tower in Shenzhen, South China Y. Liang et al.
- Measurement report: Mobile measurements to estimate urban methane emissions in Tokyo T. Umezawa et al.
- Investigating the impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality, surface Urban Heat Island, air temperature and lighting energy consumption in City of Melbourne E. Jamei et al.
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- Temporal dynamics and controlling factors of CO2 and CH4 variability in the urban atmosphere of Wroclaw, Poland Y. Bezyk et al.
- Seasonal and diurnal variations of greenhouse gases in Florence (Italy): Inferring sources and sinks from carbon isotopic ratios S. Venturi et al.
- Vista-LA: Mapping methane-emitting infrastructure in the Los Angeles megacity V. Carranza et al.
- Street-level methane emissions of Bucharest, Romania and the dominance of urban wastewater. J. Fernandez et al.
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- Global warming consequences of replacing natural gas with hydrogen in the domestic energy sectors of future low-carbon economies in the United Kingdom and the United States of America R. Field & R. Derwent
- Evaluating the Ability of the Pre-Launch TanSat-2 Satellite to Quantify Urban CO2 Emissions K. Wu et al.
- Development of a continuous UAV-mounted air sampler and application to the quantification of CO2 and CH4 emissions from a major coking plant T. Han et al.
- Eddy Covariance measurements and source partitioning of CO2 emissions in an urban environment: Application for Heraklion, Greece S. Stagakis et al.
- Quantifying black carbon emissions from traffic and construction in central London using eddy covariance Z. Cheng et al.
- Measurements of methane and nitrous oxide in human breath and the development of UK scale emissions B. Dawson et al.
- FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands K. Delwiche et al.
- Machine learning-based land-use regression models for predicting carbon dioxide concentrations in San Francisco Bay area A. Smith et al.
- Source area definition for local climate zones studies. A systematic review M. Núñez Peiró et al.
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- Urban greenhouse gas emissions from the Berlin area: A case study using airborne CO2 and CH4 in situ observations in summer 2018 T. Klausner et al.
- Country-scale greenhouse gas budgets using shipborne measurements: a case study for the UK and Ireland C. Helfter et al.
- Carbon emission reduction requires attention to the contribution of natural gas use: Combustion and leakage H. Chen et al.
- Methane Mitigation: Methods to Reduce Emissions, on the Path to the Paris Agreement E. Nisbet et al.
- Intra-urban Variations of the CO2 Fluxes at the Surface-Atmosphere Interface in the Seoul Metropolitan Area S. Hong et al.
- Pandemic restrictions in 2020 highlight the significance of non-road NOx sources in central London S. Cliff et al.
- Satellite-Derived Estimate of City-Level Methane Emissions from Calgary, Alberta, Canada Z. Xing et al.
- Using eddy-covariance to measure the effects of COVID-19 restrictions on CO 2 emissions in a neighborhood of Indianapolis, IN E. Vogel et al.
- Spatial and temporal patterns of methane uptake in the urban environment Y. Bezyk et al.
- Annual and seasonal variability of greenhouse gases fluxes over coastal urban and suburban areas in Portugal: Measurements and source partitioning V. Salgueiro et al.
- The Relationship between City Size and Carbon Monoxide (CO) Concentration and Their Effect on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) D. Saadi et al.
- Comparing local CO2 emission inventories with tall tower flux measurements in Vienna, Austria E. Fasano et al.
- Methane emissions and methanogenic community investigation from constructed wetlands in Chengdu City K. Zhang et al.
- Overview: On the transport and transformation of pollutants in the outflow of major population centres – observational data from the EMeRGe European intensive operational period in summer 2017 M. Andrés Hernández et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 01 May 2026
Short summary
There are relatively few long-term, direct measurements of pollutant emissions in urban settings. We present over 3 years of measurements of fluxes of CO, CO2 and CH4, study their respective temporal and spatial dynamics and offer an independent verification of the London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory. CO and CO2 were strongly controlled by traffic and well characterised by the inventory whilst measured CH4 was two-fold larger and linked to natural gas usage and perhaps biogenic sources.
There are relatively few long-term, direct measurements of pollutant emissions in urban...
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