Spatial and temporal variability of urban fluxes of methane, carbon monoxide
and carbon dioxide above London, UK

Helfter, Carole; Tremper, Anja H.; Halios, Christoforos H.; Kotthaus, Simone; Bjorkegren, Alex; Grimmond, C. Sue B.; Barlow, Janet F.; Nemitz, Eiko

doi:10.5194/acp-16-10543-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 16

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10543-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10543-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 16

Research article

|

24 Aug 2016

Research article |

| 24 Aug 2016

Spatial and temporal variability of urban fluxes of methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide above London, UK

Carole Helfter, Anja H. Tremper, Christoforos H. Halios, Simone Kotthaus, Alex Bjorkegren, C. Sue B. Grimmond, Janet F. Barlow, and Eiko Nemitz

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Total article views: 6,108 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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3,527	2,415	166	6,108	899	155	202

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XML: 166
Total: 6,108
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BibTeX: 155
EndNote: 202

Views and downloads (calculated since 30 Mar 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Mar 2016	72	35	0	107
Apr 2016	75	44	2	121
May 2016	40	11	0	51
Jun 2016	12	4	1	17
Jul 2016	10	4	0	14
Aug 2016	111	62	2	175
Sep 2016	64	27	0	91
Oct 2016	22	9	0	31
Nov 2016	13	8	0	21
Dec 2016	7	9	0	16
Jan 2017	27	23	1	51
Feb 2017	13	25	1	39
Mar 2017	25	46	3	74
Apr 2017	23	44	1	68
May 2017	29	15	2	46
Jun 2017	21	11	3	35
Jul 2017	20	9	0	29
Aug 2017	15	13	1	29
Sep 2017	13	12	1	26
Oct 2017	16	11	0	27
Nov 2017	12	20	0	32
Dec 2017	18	13	1	32
Jan 2018	13	16	0	29
Feb 2018	20	11	1	32
Mar 2018	15	9	1	25
Apr 2018	16	9	0	25
May 2018	18	9	0	27
Jun 2018	9	13	2	24
Jul 2018	6	12	0	18
Aug 2018	18	7	0	25
Sep 2018	20	14	0	34
Oct 2018	13	9	1	23
Nov 2018	20	10	1	31
Dec 2018	6	9	0	15
Jan 2019	10	13	1	24
Feb 2019	7	4	2	13
Mar 2019	15	17	1	33
Apr 2019	7	11	0	18
May 2019	8	7	0	15
Jun 2019	18	8	1	27
Jul 2019	18	12	0	30
Aug 2019	7	8	1	16
Sep 2019	8	6	0	14
Oct 2019	18	20	1	39
Nov 2019	19	12	2	33
Dec 2019	7	8	2	17
Jan 2020	10	11	1	22
Feb 2020	17	32	0	49
Mar 2020	9	13	0	22
Apr 2020	9	13	0	22
May 2020	6	15	1	22
Jun 2020	26	19	1	46
Jul 2020	24	37	8	69
Aug 2020	14	23	2	39
Sep 2020	11	32	2	45
Oct 2020	9	24	0	33
Nov 2020	12	22	1	35
Dec 2020	17	17	0	34
Jan 2021	20	28	3	51
Feb 2021	18	38	0	56
Mar 2021	18	29	1	48
Apr 2021	14	19	1	34
May 2021	10	5	1	16
Jun 2021	13	8	1	22
Jul 2021	11	7	1	19
Aug 2021	10	22	1	33
Sep 2021	10	20	0	30
Oct 2021	18	48	1	67
Nov 2021	31	54	1	86
Dec 2021	25	26	1	52
Jan 2022	26	25	2	53
Feb 2022	23	25	4	52
Mar 2022	22	16	0	38
Apr 2022	16	18	1	35
May 2022	11	19	0	30
Jun 2022	21	29	5	55
Jul 2022	13	27	1	41
Aug 2022	19	33	3	55
Sep 2022	15	21	1	37
Oct 2022	13	22	3	38
Nov 2022	21	23	1	45
Dec 2022	15	10	1	26
Jan 2023	31	19	0	50
Feb 2023	31	16	2	49
Mar 2023	29	31	2	62
Apr 2023	19	38	2	59
May 2023	48	21	0	69
Jun 2023	52	15	2	69
Jul 2023	47	15	0	62
Aug 2023	64	24	2	90
Sep 2023	59	20	3	82
Oct 2023	65	16	2	83
Nov 2023	40	4	0	44
Dec 2023	210	137	9	356
Jan 2024	110	39	0	149
Feb 2024	83	24	1	108
Mar 2024	151	29	1	181
Apr 2024	70	22	4	96
May 2024	48	28	1	77
Jun 2024	40	17	1	58
Jul 2024	42	32	7	81
Aug 2024	47	21	8	76
Sep 2024	29	8	3	40
Oct 2024	40	15	2	57
Nov 2024	25	12	2	39
Dec 2024	48	28	1	77
Jan 2025	68	32	2	102
Feb 2025	55	28	3	86
Mar 2025	30	20	1	51
Apr 2025	50	31	3	84
May 2025	42	12	0	54
Jun 2025	64	15	2	81
Jul 2025	51	20	4	75
Aug 2025	57	19	5	81
Sep 2025	47	17	1	65
Oct 2025	41	24	0	65
Nov 2025	43	27	4	74

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 30 Mar 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Mar 2016	72	35	0	107
Apr 2016	75	44	2	121
May 2016	40	11	0	51
Jun 2016	12	4	1	17
Jul 2016	10	4	0	14
Aug 2016	111	62	2	175
Sep 2016	64	27	0	91
Oct 2016	22	9	0	31
Nov 2016	13	8	0	21
Dec 2016	7	9	0	16
Jan 2017	27	23	1	51
Feb 2017	13	25	1	39
Mar 2017	25	46	3	74
Apr 2017	23	44	1	68
May 2017	29	15	2	46
Jun 2017	21	11	3	35
Jul 2017	20	9	0	29
Aug 2017	15	13	1	29
Sep 2017	13	12	1	26
Oct 2017	16	11	0	27
Nov 2017	12	20	0	32
Dec 2017	18	13	1	32
Jan 2018	13	16	0	29
Feb 2018	20	11	1	32
Mar 2018	15	9	1	25
Apr 2018	16	9	0	25
May 2018	18	9	0	27
Jun 2018	9	13	2	24
Jul 2018	6	12	0	18
Aug 2018	18	7	0	25
Sep 2018	20	14	0	34
Oct 2018	13	9	1	23
Nov 2018	20	10	1	31
Dec 2018	6	9	0	15
Jan 2019	10	13	1	24
Feb 2019	7	4	2	13
Mar 2019	15	17	1	33
Apr 2019	7	11	0	18
May 2019	8	7	0	15
Jun 2019	18	8	1	27
Jul 2019	18	12	0	30
Aug 2019	7	8	1	16
Sep 2019	8	6	0	14
Oct 2019	18	20	1	39
Nov 2019	19	12	2	33
Dec 2019	7	8	2	17
Jan 2020	10	11	1	22
Feb 2020	17	32	0	49
Mar 2020	9	13	0	22
Apr 2020	9	13	0	22
May 2020	6	15	1	22
Jun 2020	26	19	1	46
Jul 2020	24	37	8	69
Aug 2020	14	23	2	39
Sep 2020	11	32	2	45
Oct 2020	9	24	0	33
Nov 2020	12	22	1	35
Dec 2020	17	17	0	34
Jan 2021	20	28	3	51
Feb 2021	18	38	0	56
Mar 2021	18	29	1	48
Apr 2021	14	19	1	34
May 2021	10	5	1	16
Jun 2021	13	8	1	22
Jul 2021	11	7	1	19
Aug 2021	10	22	1	33
Sep 2021	10	20	0	30
Oct 2021	18	48	1	67
Nov 2021	31	54	1	86
Dec 2021	25	26	1	52
Jan 2022	26	25	2	53
Feb 2022	23	25	4	52
Mar 2022	22	16	0	38
Apr 2022	16	18	1	35
May 2022	11	19	0	30
Jun 2022	21	29	5	55
Jul 2022	13	27	1	41
Aug 2022	19	33	3	55
Sep 2022	15	21	1	37
Oct 2022	13	22	3	38
Nov 2022	21	23	1	45
Dec 2022	15	10	1	26
Jan 2023	31	19	0	50
Feb 2023	31	16	2	49
Mar 2023	29	31	2	62
Apr 2023	19	38	2	59
May 2023	48	21	0	69
Jun 2023	52	15	2	69
Jul 2023	47	15	0	62
Aug 2023	64	24	2	90
Sep 2023	59	20	3	82
Oct 2023	65	16	2	83
Nov 2023	40	4	0	44
Dec 2023	210	137	9	356
Jan 2024	110	39	0	149
Feb 2024	83	24	1	108
Mar 2024	151	29	1	181
Apr 2024	70	22	4	96
May 2024	48	28	1	77
Jun 2024	40	17	1	58
Jul 2024	42	32	7	81
Aug 2024	47	21	8	76
Sep 2024	29	8	3	40
Oct 2024	40	15	2	57
Nov 2024	25	12	2	39
Dec 2024	48	28	1	77
Jan 2025	68	32	2	102
Feb 2025	55	28	3	86
Mar 2025	30	20	1	51
Apr 2025	50	31	3	84
May 2025	42	12	0	54
Jun 2025	64	15	2	81
Jul 2025	51	20	4	75
Aug 2025	57	19	5	81
Sep 2025	47	17	1	65
Oct 2025	41	24	0	65
Nov 2025	43	27	4	74

Latest update: 29 Nov 2025

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Short summary

There are relatively few long-term, direct measurements of pollutant emissions in urban settings. We present over 3 years of measurements of fluxes of CO, CO₂ and CH₄, study their respective temporal and spatial dynamics and offer an independent verification of the London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory. CO and CO₂ were strongly controlled by traffic and well characterised by the inventory whilst measured CH₄ was two-fold larger and linked to natural gas usage and perhaps biogenic sources.