Articles | Volume 15, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Sep 2015
Research article |
| 01 Sep 2015
A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
C. S. Blaszczak-Boxe
Department of Physical, Environmental and Computer Sciences, Medgar Evers College-City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11235, USA
CUNY Graduate Center, Chemistry Division, Earth and Environmental Science Division, Manhattan, NY 10016, USA
L. J. Carpenter
Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York,Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
Editorial note:
In a comment on PubPeer, several concerns about Saiz-Lopez et al. (2015) were raised (https://pubpeer.com/publications/6BDB7225E1AA84B05367BF79F47356, last access: 22 July 2026).
The ACP executive editors contacted the authors to clarify the validity of the comment on PubPeer. Over the course of several years of discussion between the authors and the executive editors, the authors consistently maintained that the criticisms – both those raised in the interactive discussion in ACPD and those on PubPeer – were unfounded. After consulting an independent expert, the ACP executive editors concluded that the main criticisms are justified.
As the authors' explanations and supporting information did not satisfactorily resolve the concerns regarding the reported results, the ACP executive editors no longer have confidence in the reliability and robustness of the findings and have therefore decided to retract the paper on 18 August 2026.
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Cited
46 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The polar iodine paradox A. Saiz-Lopez & C. Blaszczak-Boxe https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.019
- Low‐Volatility Vapors and New Particle Formation Over the Southern Ocean During the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition A. Baccarini et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035126
- Comparative Thermochemistry and Kinetics of Bromine and Iodine Reactions with Atmospheric Mercury S. Bager et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5c05208
- Anthropogenic iodine-129 tracks iodine cycling in the Arctic Y. Qi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.06.007
- Growth rate dependence of the permeability and percolation threshold of young sea ice S. Maus https://doi.org/10.1039/D4FD00172A
- Iodine speciation in snow during the MOSAiC expedition and its implications for Arctic iodine emissions L. Brown et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4FD00178H
- Sea-ice reconstructions from bromine and iodine in ice cores P. Vallelonga et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107133
- The annual cycle and sources of relevant aerosol precursor vapors in the central Arctic during the MOSAiC expedition M. Boyer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024
- Observations of iodine oxide in the Indian Ocean marine boundary layer: A transect from the tropics to the high latitudes A. Mahajan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100016
- Substantial contribution of iodine to Arctic ozone destruction N. Benavent et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01018-w
- High-frequency climate variability in the Holocene from a coastal-dome ice core in east-central Greenland A. Hughes et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1369-2020
- Review of Arctic sea-ice records over the last millennium from modern, historical, and proxy data sources N. Leclerc & J. Halfar https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2024.2392411
- The Competition between Hydrogen, Halogen, and Covalent Bonding in Atmospherically Relevant Ammonium Iodate Clusters N. Frederiks et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c10841
- Is the summer aerosol over the Arctic controlled by regional atmospheric circulation or ice conditions? Trends and future implications C. Leck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16775-2025
- Single-Molecule Catalysis Revealed: Elucidating the Mechanistic Framework for the Formation and Growth of Atmospheric Iodine Oxide Aerosols in Gas-Phase and Aqueous Surface Environments M. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b07441
- Halogen-based reconstruction of Russian Arctic sea ice area from the Akademii Nauk ice core (Severnaya Zemlya) A. Spolaor et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-245-2016
- Variability and change in the west Antarctic Peninsula marine system: Research priorities and opportunities S. Henley et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.03.003
- Natural Halogen Emissions to the Atmosphere: Sources, Flux, and Environmental Impact A. Cadoux et al. https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.1.27
- Space-based observation of volcanic iodine monoxide A. Schönhardt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4857-2017
- Freeze–Thaw Cycle-Enhanced Transformation of Iodide to Organoiodine Compounds in the Presence of Natural Organic Matter and Fe(III) J. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c06747
- Antarctic ozone hole modifies iodine geochemistry on the Antarctic Plateau A. Spolaor et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26109-x
- The Selection of the Optimal Impregnation Conditions of Vegetable Matrices with Iodine A. Zaremba et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103351
- Unexpectedly significant stabilizing mechanism of iodous acid on iodic acid nucleation under different atmospheric conditions L. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159832
- Penguin guano is an important source of climate-relevant aerosol particles in Antarctica M. Boyer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02312-2
- Active molecular iodine photochemistry in the Arctic A. Raso et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702803114
- Investigation of new particle formation mechanisms and aerosol processes at Marambio Station, Antarctic Peninsula L. Quéléver et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8417-2022
- The Ammonia Oxidising Archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus Does Not Alter Iodine Oxidation State in Oxic Seawater A. Webb et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70168
- Holocene atmospheric iodine evolution over the North Atlantic J. Corella et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-2019-2019
- Observations of iodine monoxide over three summers at the Indian Antarctic bases of Bharati and Maitri A. Mahajan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11829-2021
- Production of Molecular Iodine and Tri-iodide in the Frozen Solution of Iodide: Implication for Polar Atmosphere K. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05148
- Characterization of aerosol number size distributions and their effect on cloud properties at Syowa Station, Antarctica K. Hara et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12155-2021
- Frequent new particle formation over the high Arctic pack ice by enhanced iodine emissions A. Baccarini et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18551-0
- Mixing state and distribution of iodine-containing particles in Arctic Ocean during summertime L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155030
- Differences in iodine chemistry over the Antarctic continent A. Mahajan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2023.101014
- Nitrite-Induced Activation of Iodate into Molecular Iodine in Frozen Solution K. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06638
- MnO2-Induced Oxidation of Iodide in Frozen Solution J. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c00604
- Modeling the Sources and Chemistry of Polar Tropospheric Halogens (Cl, Br, and I) Using the CAM‐Chem Global Chemistry‐Climate Model R. Fernandez et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001655
- Atmospheric sea-salt and halogen cycles in the Antarctic K. Hara et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00092B
- Photolysis of frozen iodate salts as a source of active iodine in the polar environment Ó. Gálvez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12703-2016
- Rapid increase in atmospheric iodine levels in the North Atlantic since the mid-20th century C. Cuevas et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03756-1
- Differing Mechanisms of New Particle Formation at Two Arctic Sites L. Beck et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091334
- Open Path Incoherent Broadband Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectrometer for in situ measurement of nitrogen oxides, iodine oxide, and glyoxal in the atmosphere F. Pastierovič et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1943-2026
- Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services N. Steiner et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00007
- Climate changes modulated the history of Arctic iodine during the Last Glacial Cycle J. Corella et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27642-5
- Production of Molecular Iodine via a Redox Reaction between Iodate and Organic Compounds in Ice K. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00482
- Sea ice in the northern North Atlantic through the Holocene: Evidence from ice cores and marine sediment records N. Maffezzoli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107249
46 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The polar iodine paradox A. Saiz-Lopez & C. Blaszczak-Boxe https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.019
- Low‐Volatility Vapors and New Particle Formation Over the Southern Ocean During the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition A. Baccarini et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035126
- Comparative Thermochemistry and Kinetics of Bromine and Iodine Reactions with Atmospheric Mercury S. Bager et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5c05208
- Anthropogenic iodine-129 tracks iodine cycling in the Arctic Y. Qi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.06.007
- Growth rate dependence of the permeability and percolation threshold of young sea ice S. Maus https://doi.org/10.1039/D4FD00172A
- Iodine speciation in snow during the MOSAiC expedition and its implications for Arctic iodine emissions L. Brown et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4FD00178H
- Sea-ice reconstructions from bromine and iodine in ice cores P. Vallelonga et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107133
- The annual cycle and sources of relevant aerosol precursor vapors in the central Arctic during the MOSAiC expedition M. Boyer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024
- Observations of iodine oxide in the Indian Ocean marine boundary layer: A transect from the tropics to the high latitudes A. Mahajan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100016
- Substantial contribution of iodine to Arctic ozone destruction N. Benavent et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01018-w
- High-frequency climate variability in the Holocene from a coastal-dome ice core in east-central Greenland A. Hughes et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1369-2020
- Review of Arctic sea-ice records over the last millennium from modern, historical, and proxy data sources N. Leclerc & J. Halfar https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2024.2392411
- The Competition between Hydrogen, Halogen, and Covalent Bonding in Atmospherically Relevant Ammonium Iodate Clusters N. Frederiks et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c10841
- Is the summer aerosol over the Arctic controlled by regional atmospheric circulation or ice conditions? Trends and future implications C. Leck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16775-2025
- Single-Molecule Catalysis Revealed: Elucidating the Mechanistic Framework for the Formation and Growth of Atmospheric Iodine Oxide Aerosols in Gas-Phase and Aqueous Surface Environments M. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b07441
- Halogen-based reconstruction of Russian Arctic sea ice area from the Akademii Nauk ice core (Severnaya Zemlya) A. Spolaor et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-245-2016
- Variability and change in the west Antarctic Peninsula marine system: Research priorities and opportunities S. Henley et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.03.003
- Natural Halogen Emissions to the Atmosphere: Sources, Flux, and Environmental Impact A. Cadoux et al. https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.1.27
- Space-based observation of volcanic iodine monoxide A. Schönhardt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4857-2017
- Freeze–Thaw Cycle-Enhanced Transformation of Iodide to Organoiodine Compounds in the Presence of Natural Organic Matter and Fe(III) J. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c06747
- Antarctic ozone hole modifies iodine geochemistry on the Antarctic Plateau A. Spolaor et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26109-x
- The Selection of the Optimal Impregnation Conditions of Vegetable Matrices with Iodine A. Zaremba et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103351
- Unexpectedly significant stabilizing mechanism of iodous acid on iodic acid nucleation under different atmospheric conditions L. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159832
- Penguin guano is an important source of climate-relevant aerosol particles in Antarctica M. Boyer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02312-2
- Active molecular iodine photochemistry in the Arctic A. Raso et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702803114
- Investigation of new particle formation mechanisms and aerosol processes at Marambio Station, Antarctic Peninsula L. Quéléver et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8417-2022
- The Ammonia Oxidising Archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus Does Not Alter Iodine Oxidation State in Oxic Seawater A. Webb et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70168
- Holocene atmospheric iodine evolution over the North Atlantic J. Corella et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-2019-2019
- Observations of iodine monoxide over three summers at the Indian Antarctic bases of Bharati and Maitri A. Mahajan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11829-2021
- Production of Molecular Iodine and Tri-iodide in the Frozen Solution of Iodide: Implication for Polar Atmosphere K. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05148
- Characterization of aerosol number size distributions and their effect on cloud properties at Syowa Station, Antarctica K. Hara et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12155-2021
- Frequent new particle formation over the high Arctic pack ice by enhanced iodine emissions A. Baccarini et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18551-0
- Mixing state and distribution of iodine-containing particles in Arctic Ocean during summertime L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155030
- Differences in iodine chemistry over the Antarctic continent A. Mahajan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2023.101014
- Nitrite-Induced Activation of Iodate into Molecular Iodine in Frozen Solution K. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06638
- MnO2-Induced Oxidation of Iodide in Frozen Solution J. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c00604
- Modeling the Sources and Chemistry of Polar Tropospheric Halogens (Cl, Br, and I) Using the CAM‐Chem Global Chemistry‐Climate Model R. Fernandez et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001655
- Atmospheric sea-salt and halogen cycles in the Antarctic K. Hara et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00092B
- Photolysis of frozen iodate salts as a source of active iodine in the polar environment Ó. Gálvez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12703-2016
- Rapid increase in atmospheric iodine levels in the North Atlantic since the mid-20th century C. Cuevas et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03756-1
- Differing Mechanisms of New Particle Formation at Two Arctic Sites L. Beck et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091334
- Open Path Incoherent Broadband Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectrometer for in situ measurement of nitrogen oxides, iodine oxide, and glyoxal in the atmosphere F. Pastierovič et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1943-2026
- Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services N. Steiner et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00007
- Climate changes modulated the history of Arctic iodine during the Last Glacial Cycle J. Corella et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27642-5
- Production of Molecular Iodine via a Redox Reaction between Iodate and Organic Compounds in Ice K. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00482
- Sea ice in the northern North Atlantic through the Holocene: Evidence from ice cores and marine sediment records N. Maffezzoli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107249
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