Articles | Volume 15, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9129-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9129-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Aug 2015
Research article |
| 18 Aug 2015
What is the limit of climate engineering by stratospheric injection of SO2?
U. Niemeier
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
C. Timmreck
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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- Potential impacts of major nineteenth century volcanic eruptions on temperature over Cape Town, South Africa: 1834–1899 J. Picas & S. Grab 10.1007/s10584-020-02678-6
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- Tailoring Meridional and Seasonal Radiative Forcing by Sulfate Aerosol Solar Geoengineering Z. Dai et al. 10.1002/2017GL076472
- Importance of microphysical settings for climate forcing by stratospheric SO2 injections as modeled by SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-4181-2024
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- Annual Solar Geoengineering: Mitigating Yearly Global Warming Increases A. Feinberg 10.3390/cli12020026
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- Quantifying the impact of sulfate geoengineering on mortality from air quality and UV-B exposure S. Eastham et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.05.047
- Vertical distribution of the Asian tropopause aerosols detected by CALIPSO H. Niu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.111
- North Atlantic Oscillation response in GeoMIP experiments G6solar and G6sulfur: why detailed modelling is needed for understanding regional implications of solar radiation management A. Jones et al. 10.5194/acp-21-1287-2021
- MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere A. Günther et al. 10.5194/acp-18-1217-2018
- Sulfate geoengineering: a review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-17-3879-2017
- Quantifying the Efficiency of Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering at Different Altitudes W. Lee et al. 10.1029/2023GL104417
- Effects of Arctic geoengineering on precipitation in the tropical monsoon regions A. Nalam et al. 10.1007/s00382-017-3810-y
- Climate Response to Aerosol Geoengineering: A Multimethod Comparison H. Muri et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0620.1
- Detectability of Artificial Ocean Alkalinization and Stratospheric Aerosol Injection in MPI‐ESM F. Fröb et al. 10.1029/2020EF001634
- Complementing CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction by solar radiation management might strongly enhance future welfare K. Helwegen et al. 10.5194/esd-10-453-2019
- Stratospheric aerosol injection tactics and costs in the first 15 years of deployment W. Smith & G. Wagner 10.1088/1748-9326/aae98d
- Hemispherically symmetric strategies for stratospheric aerosol injection Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/esd-15-191-2024
- Climate intervention using marine cloud brightening (MCB) compared with stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) in the UKESM1 climate model J. Haywood et al. 10.5194/acp-23-15305-2023
- The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (GeoMIP6): simulation design and preliminary results B. Kravitz et al. 10.5194/gmd-8-3379-2015
- Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing – impact of one or two eruptions U. Niemeier et al. 10.5194/acp-19-10379-2019
- Quantifying the temperature-independent effect of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering on global-mean precipitation in a multi-model ensemble A. Ferraro & H. Griffiths 10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034012
- Radiative Forcing of Climate: The Historical Evolution of the Radiative Forcing Concept, the Forcing Agents and their Quantification, and Applications V. Ramaswamy et al. 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-19-0001.1
- Holistic Assessment of SO2 Injections Using CESM1(WACCM): Introduction to the Special Issue B. Kravitz et al. 10.1029/2018JD029293
- Towards a comprehensive climate impacts assessment of solar geoengineering P. Irvine et al. 10.1002/2016EF000389
- First Simulations of Designing Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Geoengineering to Meet Multiple Simultaneous Climate Objectives B. Kravitz et al. 10.1002/2017JD026874
- Global streamflow and flood response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering L. Wei et al. 10.5194/acp-18-16033-2018
- Projected global sulfur deposition with climate intervention H. Rubin et al. 10.1016/j.gecadv.2024.100011
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Short summary
The injection of sulfur dioxide is considered as an option for solar radiation management. We have calculated the effects of SO2 injections up to 100 Tg(S)/y. Our calculations show that the forcing efficiency of the injection decays exponentially. This result implies that SO2 injections in the order of 6 times Mt. Pinatubo eruptions per year are required to keep temperatures constant at that anticipated for 2020, whilst maintaining business as usual emission conditions.
The injection of sulfur dioxide is considered as an option for solar radiation management. We...
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