The anthropogenic contribution to atmospheric black carbon concentrations in southern Africa: a WRF-Chem modeling study

Kuik, F.; Lauer, A.; Beukes, J. P.; Van Zyl, P. G.; Josipovic, M.; Vakkari, V.; Laakso, L.; Feig, G. T.

doi:10.5194/acp-15-8809-2015

Articles | Volume 15, issue 15

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8809-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

The community version of the Weather Research and Forecasting...

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8809-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 15, issue 15

Research article

|

12 Aug 2015

Research article |

| 12 Aug 2015

The anthropogenic contribution to atmospheric black carbon concentrations in southern Africa: a WRF-Chem modeling study

F. Kuik, A. Lauer, J. P. Beukes, P. G. Van Zyl, M. Josipovic, V. Vakkari, L. Laakso, and G. T. Feig

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Oct 2015	43	68	0	111
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Jan 2016	47	67	4	118
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Aug 2016	14	12	0	26
Sep 2016	16	10	0	26
Oct 2016	14	9	1	24
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Dec 2016	6	10	0	16
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Feb 2017	13	20	1	34
Mar 2017	26	22	2	50
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May 2017	31	18	0	49
Jun 2017	33	11	2	46
Jul 2017	29	17	0	46
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Feb 2020	6	13	1	20
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Apr 2020	14	6	0	20
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Jan 2024	49	11	0	60
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Apr 2024	41	9	4	54
May 2024	21	19	1	41
Jun 2024	26	16	2	44
Jul 2024	31	14	3	48
Aug 2024	47	5	2	54
Sep 2024	16	9	0	25
Oct 2024	32	5	1	38
Nov 2024	17	9	2	28
Dec 2024	22	8	1	31
Jan 2025	25	13	0	38
Feb 2025	31	9	2	42
Mar 2025	26	10	4	40
Apr 2025	29	19	1	49
May 2025	27	7	0	34
Jun 2025	61	12	9	82
Jul 2025	44	31	2	77
Aug 2025	32	13	1	46
Sep 2025	38	15	2	55
Oct 2025	31	20	0	51
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Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 10 Mar 2015)

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Apr 2015	23	28	2	53
May 2015	11	10	4	25
Jun 2015	15	13	5	33
Jul 2015	15	16	4	35
Aug 2015	197	175	7	379
Sep 2015	32	69	24	125
Oct 2015	43	68	0	111
Nov 2015	40	79	2	121
Dec 2015	25	81	5	111
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Jan 2025	25	13	0	38
Feb 2025	31	9	2	42
Mar 2025	26	10	4	40
Apr 2025	29	19	1	49
May 2025	27	7	0	34
Jun 2025	61	12	9	82
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Aug 2025	32	13	1	46
Sep 2025	38	15	2	55
Oct 2025	31	20	0	51
Nov 2025	44	24	4	72
Dec 2025	9	9	1	19

Latest update: 06 Dec 2025

Short summary

The numerical model WRF-Chem is used to estimate the contribution of anthropogenic emissions to BC, aerosol optical depth and atmospheric heating rates over southern Africa. An evaluation of the model with observational data including long-term BC measurements shows that the basic meteorology is reproduced reasonably well but simulated near-surface BC concentrations are underestimated by up to 50%. It is found that up to 100% of the BC in highly industrialized regions is of anthropogenic origin.