Seasonal variability of Saharan desert dust and ice nucleating particles over Europe

Hande, L. B.; Engler, C.; Hoose, C.; Tegen, I.

doi:10.5194/acp-15-4389-2015

Articles | Volume 15, issue 8

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4389-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4389-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 15, issue 8

Research article

|

30 Apr 2015

Research article |

| 30 Apr 2015

Seasonal variability of Saharan desert dust and ice nucleating particles over Europe

L. B. Hande, C. Engler, C. Hoose, and I. Tegen

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Views and downloads (calculated since 19 Dec 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Dec 2014	88	85	3	176
Jan 2015	94	51	4	149
Feb 2015	41	30	1	72
Mar 2015	26	9	0	35
Apr 2015	80	39	2	121
May 2015	149	153	6	308
Jun 2015	44	13	2	59
Jul 2015	39	38	1	78
Aug 2015	19	23	3	45
Sep 2015	3	16	0	19
Oct 2015	28	14	0	42
Nov 2015	37	25	5	67
Dec 2015	16	18	2	36
Jan 2016	28	14	1	43
Feb 2016	28	12	1	41
Mar 2016	19	8	0	27
Apr 2016	6	5	0	11
May 2016	11	5	1	17
Jun 2016	6	2	0	8
Jul 2016	10	6	4	20
Aug 2016	10	9	0	19
Sep 2016	13	4	0	17
Oct 2016	9	3	0	12
Nov 2016	7	4	0	11
Dec 2016	3	3	0	6
Jan 2017	14	2	1	17
Feb 2017	12	3	1	16
Mar 2017	19	8	2	29
Apr 2017	24	9	0	33
May 2017	27	13	1	41
Jun 2017	28	7	0	35
Jul 2017	17	6	0	23
Aug 2017	9	8	0	17
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Nov 2017	11	4	0	15
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Feb 2018	13	8	0	21
Mar 2018	14	10	0	24
Apr 2018	17	7	0	24
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Jun 2018	4	8	2	14
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Aug 2018	21	11	1	33
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May 2019	9	4	1	14
Jun 2019	6	5	0	11
Jul 2019	7	7	1	15
Aug 2019	9	7	1	17
Sep 2019	5	3	0	8
Oct 2019	7	3	0	10
Nov 2019	2	4	0	6
Dec 2019	1	2	0	3
Jan 2020	8	6	0	14
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Mar 2020	1	2	0	3
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Jun 2020	18	4	0	22
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Aug 2020	15	6	4	25
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Oct 2021	5	39	0	44
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Jan 2022	14	13	0	27
Feb 2022	11	4	2	17
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Apr 2022	7	3	1	11
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Mar 2023	44	9	0	53
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May 2023	37	13	1	51
Jun 2023	42	6	1	49
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Aug 2023	34	8	3	45
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Oct 2023	41	9	1	51
Nov 2023	23	3	0	26
Dec 2023	46	6	1	53
Jan 2024	43	2	2	47
Feb 2024	39	5	3	47
Mar 2024	47	8	6	61
Apr 2024	47	9	2	58
May 2024	11	14	2	27
Jun 2024	7	11	2	20
Jul 2024	11	8	2	21
Aug 2024	20	5	2	27
Sep 2024	7	10	0	17
Oct 2024	15	3	0	18
Nov 2024	16	6	2	24
Dec 2024	20	10	4	34
Jan 2025	16	5	0	21
Feb 2025	27	14	0	41
Mar 2025	16	12	0	28
Apr 2025	24	13	0	37
May 2025	27	7	4	38
Jun 2025	51	8	1	60
Jul 2025	26	17	1	44
Aug 2025	31	23	0	54
Sep 2025	69	8	3	80
Oct 2025	27	18	1	46
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Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 19 Dec 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
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Jan 2015	94	51	4	149
Feb 2015	41	30	1	72
Mar 2015	26	9	0	35
Apr 2015	80	39	2	121
May 2015	149	153	6	308
Jun 2015	44	13	2	59
Jul 2015	39	38	1	78
Aug 2015	19	23	3	45
Sep 2015	3	16	0	19
Oct 2015	28	14	0	42
Nov 2015	37	25	5	67
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Feb 2016	28	12	1	41
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Jan 2023	10	8	1	19
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Mar 2023	44	9	0	53
Apr 2023	6	5	0	11
May 2023	37	13	1	51
Jun 2023	42	6	1	49
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Oct 2023	41	9	1	51
Nov 2023	23	3	0	26
Dec 2023	46	6	1	53
Jan 2024	43	2	2	47
Feb 2024	39	5	3	47
Mar 2024	47	8	6	61
Apr 2024	47	9	2	58
May 2024	11	14	2	27
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Nov 2024	16	6	2	24
Dec 2024	20	10	4	34
Jan 2025	16	5	0	21
Feb 2025	27	14	0	41
Mar 2025	16	12	0	28
Apr 2025	24	13	0	37
May 2025	27	7	4	38
Jun 2025	51	8	1	60
Jul 2025	26	17	1	44
Aug 2025	31	23	0	54
Sep 2025	69	8	3	80
Oct 2025	27	18	1	46
Nov 2025	18	16	3	37

Latest update: 24 Nov 2025

Short summary

Dust is a significant aerosol on seasonal timescales. There are large differences in dust and INP concentrations between seasons. The INP concentrations have a different vertical distribution than other common parameterisations suggest. We provide a new formulation to estimate the INP particles formed on dust aerosols, for use in process studies and regional simulations over Europe. The new formulation captures a much more realistic seasonal variability and vertical profile.