Articles | Volume 15, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3933-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3933-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Apr 2015
Research article |
| 15 Apr 2015
Dimensions and aspect ratios of natural ice crystals
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
G. M. McFarquhar
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
Y. P. Hong
Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
S.-S. Lee
Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, College Park, Maryland, USA
C. H. Jung
Department of Health Management, Kyungin Women's University, Incheon, South Korea
R. P. Lawson
SPEC Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA
Q. Mo
SPEC Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA
Viewed
Total article views: 5,361 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 10 Dec 2014)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,792 | 2,413 | 156 | 5,361 | 159 | 146 |
- HTML: 2,792
- PDF: 2,413
- XML: 156
- Total: 5,361
- BibTeX: 159
- EndNote: 146
Total article views: 4,360 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 15 Apr 2015)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,174 | 2,055 | 131 | 4,360 | 131 | 123 |
- HTML: 2,174
- PDF: 2,055
- XML: 131
- Total: 4,360
- BibTeX: 131
- EndNote: 123
Total article views: 1,001 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 10 Dec 2014)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 618 | 358 | 25 | 1,001 | 28 | 23 |
- HTML: 618
- PDF: 358
- XML: 25
- Total: 1,001
- BibTeX: 28
- EndNote: 23
Cited
55 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Laboratory measurements of the sedimentation velocity of hexagonal planar ice crystals R. Bürgesser & N. Castellano 10.1002/qj.3321
- Impact of ice aggregate parameters on microwave and sub-millimetre scattering properties R. Ekelund & P. Eriksson 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.11.013
- Satellite observations of seasonality and long-term trends in cirrus cloud properties over Europe: investigation of possible aviation impacts Q. Li & S. Groß 10.5194/acp-22-15963-2022
- Algorithm for Interpreting Light Backscattering Matrices of Cirrus Clouds for the Retrieval of Their Microphysical Parameters V. Shishko et al. 10.1134/S1024856019040134
- Estimation of the Absorption Effect on Light Scattering by Atmospheric Ice Crystals for Wavelengths Typical for Problems of Laser Sounding of the Atmosphere D. Timofeev et al. 10.1134/S1024856019050178
- Laboratory measurements of sedimentation velocity of columnar ice crystals R. Bürgesser et al. 10.1002/qj.2766
- Cirrus Clouds A. Heymsfield et al. 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0010.1
- Processing of Ice Cloud In Situ Data Collected by Bulk Water, Scattering, and Imaging Probes: Fundamentals, Uncertainties, and Efforts toward Consistency G. McFarquhar et al. 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0007.1
- Aerosol Mixing State: Measurements, Modeling, and Impacts N. Riemer et al. 10.1029/2018RG000615
- Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles B. Wang et al. 10.1039/C6CP05253C
- Two-Dimensional Dynamics of Ice Crystal Parcels in a Cirrus Uncinus R. Berton 10.16993/tellusa.3227
- Conformational versatility among crystalline solids of L-phenylalanine derivatives F. Movilla et al. 10.1107/S2053229625000269
- Light-Scattering Properties for Aggregates of Atmospheric Ice Crystals within the Physical Optics Approximation D. Timofeev et al. 10.3390/atmos14060933
- Potential of Snowfall Nowcasting Using Polarimetric Radar Data and Its Link to Ice Microphysics: Study of Two Snowstorms in East China H. Huang et al. 10.1029/2022JD037654
- Influence of Inorganic Solution Components on Lithium Carbonate Crystal Growth H. King et al. 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00782
- A Classification of Ice Crystal Habits Using Combined Lidar and Scanning Polarimeter Observations during the SEAC4RS Campaign N. Midzak et al. 10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0037.1
- Formation of atmospheric halos and applicability of geometric optics for calculating single-scattering properties of hexagonal ice crystals: Impacts of aspect ratio and ice crystal size J. Um & G. McFarquhar 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.07.001
- Examining impacts of mass‐diameter (m‐D) and area‐diameter (A‐D) relationships of ice particles on retrievals of effective radius and ice water content from radar and lidar measurements S. Ham et al. 10.1002/2016JD025672
- The Impacts of Single-Scattering and Microphysical Properties of Ice Particles Smaller Than 100 µm on the Bulk Radiative Properties of Tropical Cirrus S. Jang et al. 10.3390/rs14133002
- A statistical study of precipitation on the eastern antarctic plateau (Dome-C) using remote sensing and in-situ instrumentation M. Del Guasta et al. 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101106
- On Averaging Aspect Ratios and Distortion Parameters over Ice Crystal Population Ensembles for Estimating Effective Scattering Asymmetry Parameters B. van Diedenhoven et al. 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0150.1
- Settling and collision between small ice crystals in turbulent flows J. Jucha et al. 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.014604
- Improved calculation of single-scattering properties of frozen droplets and frozen-droplet aggregates observed in deep convective clouds J. Kim et al. 10.5194/acp-24-12707-2024
- Influence of Sustainable Aviation Fuels on the Formation of Contrails and Their Properties M. Narciso & J. de Sousa 10.3390/en14175557
- Problem of data interpretation of laser polarization sensing of high-level clouds on the basis of theoretically calculated phase matrices of backscattering by monodisperse ice crystals I. Samokhvalov et al. 10.1051/e3sconf/20161100021
- Generalization of Atmospheric Nonspherical Particle Size: Interconversions of Size Distributions and Optical Equivalence M. Saito & P. Yang 10.1175/JAS-D-22-0086.1
- What Can We Conclude about the Real Aspect Ratios of Ice Particle Aggregates from Two-Dimensional Images? Z. Jiang et al. 10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0248.1
- Effect of Specular High-Level Clouds on Scattered Solar Radiation Fluxes at the Zenith I. Bryukhanov et al. 10.1134/S1024856021040059
- Microphysical characteristics of frozen droplet aggregates from deep convective clouds J. Um et al. 10.5194/acp-18-16915-2018
- Theoretical simulation study on crystal property and hygroscopicity of ADN doping with nitramine explosives (RDX, HMX, and CL-20) Q. Lu et al. 10.1007/s00894-022-05200-0
- Derivation of physical and optical properties of mid-latitude cirrus ice crystals for a size-resolved cloud microphysics model A. Fridlind et al. 10.5194/acp-16-7251-2016
- Backscattering Characteristics of Optical and Electromagnetic Waves in Joint Sensing of Cirrus Clouds by a Polarizing Lidar (0.355 µm) and a 94-GHz Radar V. Shishko et al. 10.1134/S1024856022060239
- Emergence of quasiperiodic quantum wave functions in Hausdorff dimensional crystals and improved intrinsic Carrier concentrations R. El-Nabulsi 10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.12.025
- Light Backscattering Properties of Distorted Hexagonal Atmospheric Ice Particles within the Physical Optics Approximation D. Timofeev et al. 10.1134/S1024856022020130
- Sedimentation analysis of columnar ice crystals in viscous flow regimes R. Bürgesser et al. 10.1002/qj.3684
- Predicting the morphology of ice particles in deep convection using the super-droplet method: development and evaluation of SCALE-SDM 0.2.5-2.2.0, -2.2.1, and -2.2.2 S. Shima et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-4107-2020
- Dependence of Mass–Dimensional Relationships on Median Mass Diameter S. Ding et al. 10.3390/atmos11070756
- Changes in cirrus cloud properties and occurrence over Europe during the COVID-19-caused air traffic reduction Q. Li & S. Groß 10.5194/acp-21-14573-2021
- Theoretical Calculations of Directional Scattering Intensities of Small Nonspherical Ice Crystals: Implications for Forward Scattering Probes S. Jang et al. 10.3390/rs14122795
- ERA5 Reanalysis for the Data Interpretation on Polarization Laser Sensing of High-Level Clouds O. Kuchinskaia et al. 10.3390/rs15010109
- A lightweight holographic imager for cloud microphysical studies from an untethered balloon T. Chambers et al. 10.5194/amt-17-3237-2024
- Ice crystal characterization in cirrus clouds III: retrieval of ice crystal shape and roughness from observations of halo displays L. Forster & B. Mayer 10.5194/acp-22-15179-2022
- Optical and Geometrical Characteristics of High-Level Clouds from the 2009–2023 Data on Laser Polarization Sensing in Tomsk I. Bryukhanov et al. 10.1134/S1024856024700441
- Using 3‐D‐printed analogues to investigate the fall speeds and orientations of complex ice particles C. Westbrook & E. Sephton 10.1002/2017GL074130
- Analysis of the internal electric fields of pristine ice crystals and aggregate snowflakes, and their effect on scattering K. McCusker et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.04.019
- Applying machine learning methods for characterization of hexagonal prisms from their 2D scattering patterns – an investigation using modelled scattering data E. Salawu et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2017.07.001
- Demonstration of a Consistent Relationship between Dual-Frequency Reflectivity and the Mass-Weighted Mean Diameter in Measurements of Frozen Precipitation from GCPEX, OLYMPEX, and MC3E G. Duffy et al. 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0174.1
- Lateral facet growth of ice and snow – Part 1: Observations and applications to secondary habits J. Nelson & B. Swanson 10.5194/acp-19-15285-2019
- Estimation of Microphysical Characteristics of Contrails by Polarization Lidar Data: Theory and Experiment I. Samokhvalov et al. 10.1134/S1024856019040122
- Radar Retrieval Evaluation and Investigation of Dendritic Growth Layer Polarimetric Signatures in a Winter Storm E. Dunnavan et al. 10.1175/JAMC-D-21-0220.1
- Background and Overview G. McFarquhar et al. 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0018.1
- Toward Better Constrained Scattering Models for Natural Ice Crystals in the Visible Region G. Xu et al. 10.1029/2022JD037604
- Sedimentation analysis of small ice crystals by the lattice Boltzmann method J. Giovacchini 10.1002/qj.3164
- Effect of tracheid on water absorption behavior of Cunninghamia lanceolata under freeze-thaw conditions X. Deng et al. 10.1007/s00107-024-02099-7
- Cloud thermodynamic phase detection with polarimetrically sensitive passive sky radiometers K. Knobelspiesse et al. 10.5194/amt-8-1537-2015
53 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Laboratory measurements of the sedimentation velocity of hexagonal planar ice crystals R. Bürgesser & N. Castellano 10.1002/qj.3321
- Impact of ice aggregate parameters on microwave and sub-millimetre scattering properties R. Ekelund & P. Eriksson 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.11.013
- Satellite observations of seasonality and long-term trends in cirrus cloud properties over Europe: investigation of possible aviation impacts Q. Li & S. Groß 10.5194/acp-22-15963-2022
- Algorithm for Interpreting Light Backscattering Matrices of Cirrus Clouds for the Retrieval of Their Microphysical Parameters V. Shishko et al. 10.1134/S1024856019040134
- Estimation of the Absorption Effect on Light Scattering by Atmospheric Ice Crystals for Wavelengths Typical for Problems of Laser Sounding of the Atmosphere D. Timofeev et al. 10.1134/S1024856019050178
- Laboratory measurements of sedimentation velocity of columnar ice crystals R. Bürgesser et al. 10.1002/qj.2766
- Cirrus Clouds A. Heymsfield et al. 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0010.1
- Processing of Ice Cloud In Situ Data Collected by Bulk Water, Scattering, and Imaging Probes: Fundamentals, Uncertainties, and Efforts toward Consistency G. McFarquhar et al. 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0007.1
- Aerosol Mixing State: Measurements, Modeling, and Impacts N. Riemer et al. 10.1029/2018RG000615
- Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles B. Wang et al. 10.1039/C6CP05253C
- Two-Dimensional Dynamics of Ice Crystal Parcels in a Cirrus Uncinus R. Berton 10.16993/tellusa.3227
- Conformational versatility among crystalline solids of L-phenylalanine derivatives F. Movilla et al. 10.1107/S2053229625000269
- Light-Scattering Properties for Aggregates of Atmospheric Ice Crystals within the Physical Optics Approximation D. Timofeev et al. 10.3390/atmos14060933
- Potential of Snowfall Nowcasting Using Polarimetric Radar Data and Its Link to Ice Microphysics: Study of Two Snowstorms in East China H. Huang et al. 10.1029/2022JD037654
- Influence of Inorganic Solution Components on Lithium Carbonate Crystal Growth H. King et al. 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00782
- A Classification of Ice Crystal Habits Using Combined Lidar and Scanning Polarimeter Observations during the SEAC4RS Campaign N. Midzak et al. 10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0037.1
- Formation of atmospheric halos and applicability of geometric optics for calculating single-scattering properties of hexagonal ice crystals: Impacts of aspect ratio and ice crystal size J. Um & G. McFarquhar 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.07.001
- Examining impacts of mass‐diameter (m‐D) and area‐diameter (A‐D) relationships of ice particles on retrievals of effective radius and ice water content from radar and lidar measurements S. Ham et al. 10.1002/2016JD025672
- The Impacts of Single-Scattering and Microphysical Properties of Ice Particles Smaller Than 100 µm on the Bulk Radiative Properties of Tropical Cirrus S. Jang et al. 10.3390/rs14133002
- A statistical study of precipitation on the eastern antarctic plateau (Dome-C) using remote sensing and in-situ instrumentation M. Del Guasta et al. 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101106
- On Averaging Aspect Ratios and Distortion Parameters over Ice Crystal Population Ensembles for Estimating Effective Scattering Asymmetry Parameters B. van Diedenhoven et al. 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0150.1
- Settling and collision between small ice crystals in turbulent flows J. Jucha et al. 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.014604
- Improved calculation of single-scattering properties of frozen droplets and frozen-droplet aggregates observed in deep convective clouds J. Kim et al. 10.5194/acp-24-12707-2024
- Influence of Sustainable Aviation Fuels on the Formation of Contrails and Their Properties M. Narciso & J. de Sousa 10.3390/en14175557
- Problem of data interpretation of laser polarization sensing of high-level clouds on the basis of theoretically calculated phase matrices of backscattering by monodisperse ice crystals I. Samokhvalov et al. 10.1051/e3sconf/20161100021
- Generalization of Atmospheric Nonspherical Particle Size: Interconversions of Size Distributions and Optical Equivalence M. Saito & P. Yang 10.1175/JAS-D-22-0086.1
- What Can We Conclude about the Real Aspect Ratios of Ice Particle Aggregates from Two-Dimensional Images? Z. Jiang et al. 10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0248.1
- Effect of Specular High-Level Clouds on Scattered Solar Radiation Fluxes at the Zenith I. Bryukhanov et al. 10.1134/S1024856021040059
- Microphysical characteristics of frozen droplet aggregates from deep convective clouds J. Um et al. 10.5194/acp-18-16915-2018
- Theoretical simulation study on crystal property and hygroscopicity of ADN doping with nitramine explosives (RDX, HMX, and CL-20) Q. Lu et al. 10.1007/s00894-022-05200-0
- Derivation of physical and optical properties of mid-latitude cirrus ice crystals for a size-resolved cloud microphysics model A. Fridlind et al. 10.5194/acp-16-7251-2016
- Backscattering Characteristics of Optical and Electromagnetic Waves in Joint Sensing of Cirrus Clouds by a Polarizing Lidar (0.355 µm) and a 94-GHz Radar V. Shishko et al. 10.1134/S1024856022060239
- Emergence of quasiperiodic quantum wave functions in Hausdorff dimensional crystals and improved intrinsic Carrier concentrations R. El-Nabulsi 10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.12.025
- Light Backscattering Properties of Distorted Hexagonal Atmospheric Ice Particles within the Physical Optics Approximation D. Timofeev et al. 10.1134/S1024856022020130
- Sedimentation analysis of columnar ice crystals in viscous flow regimes R. Bürgesser et al. 10.1002/qj.3684
- Predicting the morphology of ice particles in deep convection using the super-droplet method: development and evaluation of SCALE-SDM 0.2.5-2.2.0, -2.2.1, and -2.2.2 S. Shima et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-4107-2020
- Dependence of Mass–Dimensional Relationships on Median Mass Diameter S. Ding et al. 10.3390/atmos11070756
- Changes in cirrus cloud properties and occurrence over Europe during the COVID-19-caused air traffic reduction Q. Li & S. Groß 10.5194/acp-21-14573-2021
- Theoretical Calculations of Directional Scattering Intensities of Small Nonspherical Ice Crystals: Implications for Forward Scattering Probes S. Jang et al. 10.3390/rs14122795
- ERA5 Reanalysis for the Data Interpretation on Polarization Laser Sensing of High-Level Clouds O. Kuchinskaia et al. 10.3390/rs15010109
- A lightweight holographic imager for cloud microphysical studies from an untethered balloon T. Chambers et al. 10.5194/amt-17-3237-2024
- Ice crystal characterization in cirrus clouds III: retrieval of ice crystal shape and roughness from observations of halo displays L. Forster & B. Mayer 10.5194/acp-22-15179-2022
- Optical and Geometrical Characteristics of High-Level Clouds from the 2009–2023 Data on Laser Polarization Sensing in Tomsk I. Bryukhanov et al. 10.1134/S1024856024700441
- Using 3‐D‐printed analogues to investigate the fall speeds and orientations of complex ice particles C. Westbrook & E. Sephton 10.1002/2017GL074130
- Analysis of the internal electric fields of pristine ice crystals and aggregate snowflakes, and their effect on scattering K. McCusker et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.04.019
- Applying machine learning methods for characterization of hexagonal prisms from their 2D scattering patterns – an investigation using modelled scattering data E. Salawu et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2017.07.001
- Demonstration of a Consistent Relationship between Dual-Frequency Reflectivity and the Mass-Weighted Mean Diameter in Measurements of Frozen Precipitation from GCPEX, OLYMPEX, and MC3E G. Duffy et al. 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0174.1
- Lateral facet growth of ice and snow – Part 1: Observations and applications to secondary habits J. Nelson & B. Swanson 10.5194/acp-19-15285-2019
- Estimation of Microphysical Characteristics of Contrails by Polarization Lidar Data: Theory and Experiment I. Samokhvalov et al. 10.1134/S1024856019040122
- Radar Retrieval Evaluation and Investigation of Dendritic Growth Layer Polarimetric Signatures in a Winter Storm E. Dunnavan et al. 10.1175/JAMC-D-21-0220.1
- Background and Overview G. McFarquhar et al. 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0018.1
- Toward Better Constrained Scattering Models for Natural Ice Crystals in the Visible Region G. Xu et al. 10.1029/2022JD037604
- Sedimentation analysis of small ice crystals by the lattice Boltzmann method J. Giovacchini 10.1002/qj.3164
2 citations as recorded by crossref.
Saved (final revised paper)
Saved (preprint)
Latest update: 01 Jul 2025
Short summary
Dimensions of ice crystals increased with an increase in temperature and the L-W relationships of crystals with a given L depended heavily on temperature, whereas the aspect ratio depended only weakly on temperature. The relative frequency of occurrence of plates was much larger in anvil clouds compared to that of columnar crystals (i.e., columns and bullet rosettes), whereas the relative occurrence frequency of columnar crystals was much larger in non-anvil clouds.
Dimensions of ice crystals increased with an increase in temperature and the L-W relationships...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint