Persistent after-effects of heavy rain on concentrations of ice nuclei and rainfall suggest a biological cause

Bigg, E. K.; Soubeyrand, S.; Morris, C. E.

doi:10.5194/acp-15-2313-2015

Articles | Volume 15, issue 5

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2313-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2313-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 15, issue 5

Research article

| Highlight paper

|

03 Mar 2015

Research article | Highlight paper |

| 03 Mar 2015

Persistent after-effects of heavy rain on concentrations of ice nuclei and rainfall suggest a biological cause

E. K. Bigg, S. Soubeyrand, and C. E. Morris

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Oct 2014	200	158	6	364
Nov 2014	38	73	3	114
Dec 2014	96	440	5	541
Jan 2015	23	245	0	268
Feb 2015	34	9	0	43
Mar 2015	241	130	8	379
Apr 2015	77	34	4	115
May 2015	75	34	6	115
Jun 2015	76	27	5	108
Jul 2015	123	37	4	164
Aug 2015	61	24	4	89
Sep 2015	28	18	3	49
Oct 2015	35	6	0	41
Nov 2015	49	37	8	94
Dec 2015	33	20	5	58
Jan 2016	47	30	4	81
Feb 2016	100	21	7	128
Mar 2016	32	11	0	43
Apr 2016	19	7	0	26
May 2016	78	7	1	86
Jun 2016	22	7	2	31
Jul 2016	19	5	2	26
Aug 2016	22	5	2	29
Sep 2016	18	3	3	24
Oct 2016	14	7	2	23
Nov 2016	15	4	0	19
Dec 2016	10	5	1	16
Jan 2017	77	4	2	83
Feb 2017	23	1	2	26
Mar 2017	49	7	5	61
Apr 2017	57	11	3	71
May 2017	66	12	2	80
Jun 2017	154	10	3	167
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Aug 2017	14	39	0	53
Sep 2017	20	6	2	28
Oct 2017	20	11	3	34
Nov 2017	18	14	0	32
Dec 2017	20	17	1	38
Jan 2018	23	7	1	31
Feb 2018	22	6	0	28
Mar 2018	20	13	0	33
Apr 2018	14	10	1	25
May 2018	20	9	3	32
Jun 2018	13	13	0	26
Jul 2018	9	5	2	16
Aug 2018	22	9	1	32
Sep 2018	13	9	0	22
Oct 2018	27	11	1	39
Nov 2018	10	10	6	26
Dec 2018	17	15	1	33
Jan 2019	9	9	2	20
Feb 2019	9	5	0	14
Mar 2019	21	10	0	31
Apr 2019	27	6	0	33
May 2019	35	8	0	43
Jun 2019	30	7	0	37
Jul 2019	31	8	1	40
Aug 2019	39	6	0	45
Sep 2019	34	7	0	41
Oct 2019	37	9	1	47
Nov 2019	33	4	1	38
Dec 2019	36	5	0	41
Jan 2020	28	8	0	36
Feb 2020	25	14	1	40
Mar 2020	42	11	1	54
Apr 2020	62	8	0	70
May 2020	81	8	1	90
Jun 2020	62	7	0	69
Jul 2020	52	9	7	68
Aug 2020	49	13	2	64
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Oct 2020	36	2	1	39
Nov 2020	25	8	1	34
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Jan 2021	64	8	0	72
Feb 2021	58	5	0	63
Mar 2021	46	4	0	50
Apr 2021	53	8	0	61
May 2021	62	15	1	78
Jun 2021	61	7	0	68
Jul 2021	63	8	0	71
Aug 2021	43	13	0	56
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Oct 2021	34	38	1	73
Nov 2021	45	29	2	76
Dec 2021	46	16	0	62
Jan 2022	39	11	2	52
Feb 2022	46	10	3	59
Mar 2022	40	10	1	51
Apr 2022	38	5	1	44
May 2022	36	7	0	43
Jun 2022	35	4	0	39
Jul 2022	54	3	0	57
Aug 2022	44	9	1	54
Sep 2022	32	3	0	35
Oct 2022	43	7	0	50
Nov 2022	53	6	2	61
Dec 2022	44	9	0	53
Jan 2023	41	7	2	50
Feb 2023	49	7	0	56
Mar 2023	53	9	0	62
Apr 2023	38	12	0	50
May 2023	58	9	1	68
Jun 2023	67	3	1	71
Jul 2023	81	8	2	91
Aug 2023	70	11	5	86
Sep 2023	79	4	1	84
Oct 2023	94	6	1	101
Nov 2023	69	3	0	72
Dec 2023	47	4	2	53
Jan 2024	40	11	1	52
Feb 2024	41	9	1	51
Mar 2024	43	11	0	54
Apr 2024	55	8	6	69
May 2024	26	11	5	42
Jun 2024	46	9	5	60
Jul 2024	22	10	1	33
Aug 2024	20	9	6	35
Sep 2024	10	4	0	14
Oct 2024	23	8	0	31
Nov 2024	17	3	2	22
Dec 2024	17	10	2	29
Jan 2025	39	8	3	50
Feb 2025	64	11	4	79
Mar 2025	30	19	2	51
Apr 2025	46	14	1	61
May 2025	61	12	1	74
Jun 2025	60	13	0	73
Jul 2025	51	32	2	85
Aug 2025	21	20	1	42
Sep 2025	34	17	2	53
Oct 2025	34	24	1	59
Nov 2025	21	12	0	33

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 09 Oct 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2014	200	158	6	364
Nov 2014	38	73	3	114
Dec 2014	96	440	5	541
Jan 2015	23	245	0	268
Feb 2015	34	9	0	43
Mar 2015	241	130	8	379
Apr 2015	77	34	4	115
May 2015	75	34	6	115
Jun 2015	76	27	5	108
Jul 2015	123	37	4	164
Aug 2015	61	24	4	89
Sep 2015	28	18	3	49
Oct 2015	35	6	0	41
Nov 2015	49	37	8	94
Dec 2015	33	20	5	58
Jan 2016	47	30	4	81
Feb 2016	100	21	7	128
Mar 2016	32	11	0	43
Apr 2016	19	7	0	26
May 2016	78	7	1	86
Jun 2016	22	7	2	31
Jul 2016	19	5	2	26
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Aug 2017	14	39	0	53
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Nov 2017	18	14	0	32
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Nov 2018	10	10	6	26
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Feb 2019	9	5	0	14
Mar 2019	21	10	0	31
Apr 2019	27	6	0	33
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Jan 2021	64	8	0	72
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Apr 2021	53	8	0	61
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Jun 2021	61	7	0	68
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Aug 2021	43	13	0	56
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Dec 2022	44	9	0	53
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Feb 2023	49	7	0	56
Mar 2023	53	9	0	62
Apr 2023	38	12	0	50
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Jun 2023	67	3	1	71
Jul 2023	81	8	2	91
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Oct 2023	94	6	1	101
Nov 2023	69	3	0	72
Dec 2023	47	4	2	53
Jan 2024	40	11	1	52
Feb 2024	41	9	1	51
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Jul 2024	22	10	1	33
Aug 2024	20	9	6	35
Sep 2024	10	4	0	14
Oct 2024	23	8	0	31
Nov 2024	17	3	2	22
Dec 2024	17	10	2	29
Jan 2025	39	8	3	50
Feb 2025	64	11	4	79
Mar 2025	30	19	2	51
Apr 2025	46	14	1	61
May 2025	61	12	1	74
Jun 2025	60	13	0	73
Jul 2025	51	32	2	85
Aug 2025	21	20	1	42
Sep 2025	34	17	2	53
Oct 2025	34	24	1	59
Nov 2025	21	12	0	33

Latest update: 15 Nov 2025

Short summary

We show that atmospheric load of ice nuclei is enhanced for up to 20 days after key rainfall events. The rate of enhancement decreases exponentially with time. Rainfall quantity and frequency are increased for a similar duration and with similar exponential decreases thereby supporting the notion of rainfall feedback. We reveal series of significant feedback in rainfall patterns across Australia over the past century and marked changes in feedback patterns, and we indicate their locations.