Seasonal in situ observations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the temperate oceans of the Southern Hemisphere

Lawson, S. J.; Selleck, P. W.; Galbally, I. E.; Keywood, M. D.; Harvey, M. J.; Lerot, C.; Helmig, D.; Ristovski, Z.

doi:10.5194/acp-15-223-2015

Articles | Volume 15, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-223-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) (ACP/OS inter-journal...

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-223-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 15, issue 1

Research article

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12 Jan 2015

Research article | Highlight paper |

| 12 Jan 2015

Seasonal in situ observations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the temperate oceans of the Southern Hemisphere

S. J. Lawson, P. W. Selleck, I. E. Galbally, M. D. Keywood, M. J. Harvey, C. Lerot, D. Helmig, and Z. Ristovski

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Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Aug 2014	104	66	6	176
Sep 2014	41	41	10	92
Oct 2014	35	54	4	93
Nov 2014	23	20	2	45
Dec 2014	20	32	0	52
Jan 2015	208	120	6	334
Feb 2015	66	46	4	116
Mar 2015	77	36	11	124
Apr 2015	143	35	7	185
May 2015	68	41	12	121
Jun 2015	98	22	7	127
Jul 2015	94	43	3	140
Aug 2015	29	23	3	55
Sep 2015	26	19	5	50
Oct 2015	49	9	1	59
Nov 2015	50	24	8	82
Dec 2015	25	28	3	56
Jan 2016	52	23	7	82
Feb 2016	36	21	4	61
Mar 2016	30	13	2	45
Apr 2016	24	6	1	31
May 2016	20	15	1	36
Jun 2016	13	11	2	26
Jul 2016	17	6	3	26
Aug 2016	16	4	2	22
Sep 2016	27	6	3	36
Oct 2016	16	4	1	21
Nov 2016	11	5	0	16
Dec 2016	15	10	1	26
Jan 2017	25	9	1	35
Feb 2017	23	3	2	28
Mar 2017	50	31	5	86
Apr 2017	54	47	7	108
May 2017	61	17	4	82
Jun 2017	55	11	5	71
Jul 2017	35	8	2	45
Aug 2017	8	12	1	21
Sep 2017	20	16	3	39
Oct 2017	20	15	0	35
Nov 2017	19	17	1	37
Dec 2017	14	17	2	33
Jan 2018	17	10	1	28
Feb 2018	30	10	3	43
Mar 2018	21	19	4	44
Apr 2018	17	12	0	29
May 2018	20	16	4	40
Jun 2018	16	9	1	26
Jul 2018	12	10	4	26
Aug 2018	20	7	1	28
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Oct 2018	21	11	6	38
Nov 2018	35	15	1	51
Dec 2018	20	11	3	34
Jan 2019	9	8	2	19
Feb 2019	8	8	3	19
Mar 2019	24	8	1	33
Apr 2019	28	11	0	39
May 2019	45	10	1	56
Jun 2019	26	10	1	37
Jul 2019	28	11	2	41
Aug 2019	40	3	1	44
Sep 2019	32	9	0	41
Oct 2019	36	9	2	47
Nov 2019	31	7	1	39
Dec 2019	32	7	2	41
Jan 2020	29	11	1	41
Feb 2020	29	12	2	43
Mar 2020	43	11	1	55
Apr 2020	60	10	1	71
May 2020	69	14	1	84
Jun 2020	53	8	0	61
Jul 2020	68	11	8	87
Aug 2020	44	10	6	60
Sep 2020	44	10	1	55
Oct 2020	24	5	1	30
Nov 2020	20	9	2	31
Dec 2020	44	9	0	53
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Apr 2021	53	10	0	63
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Jun 2021	60	15	0	75
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Nov 2021	45	29	5	79
Dec 2021	51	13	1	65
Jan 2022	46	26	2	74
Feb 2022	43	8	6	57
Mar 2022	37	17	1	55
Apr 2022	42	9	4	55
May 2022	32	4	1	37
Jun 2022	34	10	1	45
Jul 2022	38	4	1	43
Aug 2022	42	10	2	54
Sep 2022	37	5	0	42
Oct 2022	43	12	4	59
Nov 2022	47	10	1	58
Dec 2022	47	10	2	59
Jan 2023	56	13	0	69
Feb 2023	46	14	1	61
Mar 2023	59	10	3	72
Apr 2023	44	10	0	54
May 2023	67	13	1	81
Jun 2023	74	6	0	80
Jul 2023	76	6	2	84
Aug 2023	86	13	3	102
Sep 2023	97	3	0	100
Oct 2023	163	17	2	182
Nov 2023	148	9	0	157
Dec 2023	60	18	6	84
Jan 2024	60	23	0	83
Feb 2024	55	13	0	68
Mar 2024	53	20	2	75
Apr 2024	43	13	2	58
May 2024	28	22	2	52
Jun 2024	70	14	2	86
Jul 2024	19	14	1	34
Aug 2024	37	9	1	47
Sep 2024	15	6	0	21
Oct 2024	20	5	0	25
Nov 2024	18	3	3	24
Dec 2024	17	23	2	42
Jan 2025	29	16	1	46
Feb 2025	41	7	5	53
Mar 2025	27	11	3	41
Apr 2025	34	14	0	48
May 2025	37	5	1	43
Jun 2025	50	16	0	66
Jul 2025	46	14	1	61
Aug 2025	58	19	3	80
Sep 2025	57	15	6	78
Oct 2025	32	22	0	54
Nov 2025	18	15	0	33

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 25 Aug 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Aug 2014	104	66	6	176
Sep 2014	41	41	10	92
Oct 2014	35	54	4	93
Nov 2014	23	20	2	45
Dec 2014	20	32	0	52
Jan 2015	208	120	6	334
Feb 2015	66	46	4	116
Mar 2015	77	36	11	124
Apr 2015	143	35	7	185
May 2015	68	41	12	121
Jun 2015	98	22	7	127
Jul 2015	94	43	3	140
Aug 2015	29	23	3	55
Sep 2015	26	19	5	50
Oct 2015	49	9	1	59
Nov 2015	50	24	8	82
Dec 2015	25	28	3	56
Jan 2016	52	23	7	82
Feb 2016	36	21	4	61
Mar 2016	30	13	2	45
Apr 2016	24	6	1	31
May 2016	20	15	1	36
Jun 2016	13	11	2	26
Jul 2016	17	6	3	26
Aug 2016	16	4	2	22
Sep 2016	27	6	3	36
Oct 2016	16	4	1	21
Nov 2016	11	5	0	16
Dec 2016	15	10	1	26
Jan 2017	25	9	1	35
Feb 2017	23	3	2	28
Mar 2017	50	31	5	86
Apr 2017	54	47	7	108
May 2017	61	17	4	82
Jun 2017	55	11	5	71
Jul 2017	35	8	2	45
Aug 2017	8	12	1	21
Sep 2017	20	16	3	39
Oct 2017	20	15	0	35
Nov 2017	19	17	1	37
Dec 2017	14	17	2	33
Jan 2018	17	10	1	28
Feb 2018	30	10	3	43
Mar 2018	21	19	4	44
Apr 2018	17	12	0	29
May 2018	20	16	4	40
Jun 2018	16	9	1	26
Jul 2018	12	10	4	26
Aug 2018	20	7	1	28
Sep 2018	16	13	1	30
Oct 2018	21	11	6	38
Nov 2018	35	15	1	51
Dec 2018	20	11	3	34
Jan 2019	9	8	2	19
Feb 2019	8	8	3	19
Mar 2019	24	8	1	33
Apr 2019	28	11	0	39
May 2019	45	10	1	56
Jun 2019	26	10	1	37
Jul 2019	28	11	2	41
Aug 2019	40	3	1	44
Sep 2019	32	9	0	41
Oct 2019	36	9	2	47
Nov 2019	31	7	1	39
Dec 2019	32	7	2	41
Jan 2020	29	11	1	41
Feb 2020	29	12	2	43
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Apr 2020	60	10	1	71
May 2020	69	14	1	84
Jun 2020	53	8	0	61
Jul 2020	68	11	8	87
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Sep 2020	44	10	1	55
Oct 2020	24	5	1	30
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Feb 2021	48	13	0	61
Mar 2021	52	6	2	60
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Jun 2021	60	15	0	75
Jul 2021	69	14	1	84
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Jan 2022	46	26	2	74
Feb 2022	43	8	6	57
Mar 2022	37	17	1	55
Apr 2022	42	9	4	55
May 2022	32	4	1	37
Jun 2022	34	10	1	45
Jul 2022	38	4	1	43
Aug 2022	42	10	2	54
Sep 2022	37	5	0	42
Oct 2022	43	12	4	59
Nov 2022	47	10	1	58
Dec 2022	47	10	2	59
Jan 2023	56	13	0	69
Feb 2023	46	14	1	61
Mar 2023	59	10	3	72
Apr 2023	44	10	0	54
May 2023	67	13	1	81
Jun 2023	74	6	0	80
Jul 2023	76	6	2	84
Aug 2023	86	13	3	102
Sep 2023	97	3	0	100
Oct 2023	163	17	2	182
Nov 2023	148	9	0	157
Dec 2023	60	18	6	84
Jan 2024	60	23	0	83
Feb 2024	55	13	0	68
Mar 2024	53	20	2	75
Apr 2024	43	13	2	58
May 2024	28	22	2	52
Jun 2024	70	14	2	86
Jul 2024	19	14	1	34
Aug 2024	37	9	1	47
Sep 2024	15	6	0	21
Oct 2024	20	5	0	25
Nov 2024	18	3	3	24
Dec 2024	17	23	2	42
Jan 2025	29	16	1	46
Feb 2025	41	7	5	53
Mar 2025	27	11	3	41
Apr 2025	34	14	0	48
May 2025	37	5	1	43
Jun 2025	50	16	0	66
Jul 2025	46	14	1	61
Aug 2025	58	19	3	80
Sep 2025	57	15	6	78
Oct 2025	32	22	0	54
Nov 2025	18	15	0	33

Latest update: 18 Nov 2025

Short summary

Glyoxal and methylglyoxal are short-lived organic trace gases and important precursors of secondary organic aerosol. Measurements over oceans are sparse. We present the first in situ glyoxal and methylglyoxal observations over remote temperate oceans, alongside observations of precursor gases. Precursor gases cannot explain observed mixing ratios, highlighting an unknown source. We show a large discrepancy between calculated vertical column densities of glyoxal and those retrieved by satellite.