Contribution of liquid, NAT and ice particles to chlorine activation and ozone depletion in Antarctic winter and spring

Kirner, O.; Müller, R.; Ruhnke, R.; Fischer, H.

doi:10.5194/acp-15-2019-2015

Articles | Volume 15, issue 4

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2019-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

The Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) (ACP/GMD inter-journal...

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2019-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 15, issue 4

Research article

|

24 Feb 2015

Research article |

| 24 Feb 2015

Contribution of liquid, NAT and ice particles to chlorine activation and ozone depletion in Antarctic winter and spring

O. Kirner, R. Müller, R. Ruhnke, and H. Fischer

Viewed

Total article views: 4,466 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
2,614	1,634	218	4,466	169	169

HTML: 2,614
PDF: 1,634
XML: 218
Total: 4,466
BibTeX: 169
EndNote: 169

Views and downloads (calculated since 05 Jun 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jun 2014	95	82	2	179
Jul 2014	39	19	1	59
Aug 2014	14	15	2	31
Sep 2014	16	16	2	34
Oct 2014	15	13	1	29
Nov 2014	15	13	0	28
Dec 2014	13	21	0	34
Jan 2015	11	12	0	23
Feb 2015	59	56	1	116
Mar 2015	43	40	1	84
Apr 2015	36	20	1	57
May 2015	26	23	2	51
Jun 2015	39	14	1	54
Jul 2015	37	15	1	53
Aug 2015	10	22	2	34
Sep 2015	7	9	0	16
Oct 2015	27	8	1	36
Nov 2015	44	19	4	67
Dec 2015	13	11	2	26
Jan 2016	49	17	4	70
Feb 2016	36	11	0	47
Mar 2016	30	11	0	41
Apr 2016	11	5	0	16
May 2016	13	4	0	17
Jun 2016	11	5	1	17
Jul 2016	15	7	3	25
Aug 2016	12	2	0	14
Sep 2016	11	4	0	15
Oct 2016	17	14	2	33
Nov 2016	13	9	0	22
Dec 2016	7	12	1	20
Jan 2017	22	10	2	34
Feb 2017	21	10	4	35
Mar 2017	23	15	6	44
Apr 2017	33	10	6	49
May 2017	31	6	5	42
Jun 2017	35	15	2	52
Jul 2017	33	19	4	56
Aug 2017	13	22	6	41
Sep 2017	14	13	1	28
Oct 2017	17	16	5	38
Nov 2017	15	23	2	40
Dec 2017	11	18	2	31
Jan 2018	12	18	3	33
Feb 2018	8	16	2	26
Mar 2018	16	20	5	41
Apr 2018	21	24	4	49
May 2018	13	13	4	30
Jun 2018	11	26	4	41
Jul 2018	4	17	3	24
Aug 2018	10	13	2	25
Sep 2018	11	22	3	36
Oct 2018	16	17	5	38
Nov 2018	17	17	6	40
Dec 2018	20	13	0	33
Jan 2019	4	15	0	19
Feb 2019	3	12	1	16
Mar 2019	3	11	0	14
Apr 2019	8	14	0	22
May 2019	12	17	1	30
Jun 2019	6	5	0	11
Jul 2019	7	15	1	23
Aug 2019	4	17	0	21
Sep 2019	3	7	1	11
Oct 2019	5	6	0	11
Nov 2019	6	5	0	11
Dec 2019	8	5	1	14
Jan 2020	7	6	0	13
Feb 2020	5	5	1	11
Mar 2020	2	1	3
Apr 2020	4	4	0	8
May 2020	6	2	0	8
Jun 2020	16	4	0	20
Jul 2020	23	8	5	36
Aug 2020	20	6	2	28
Sep 2020	9	4	2	15
Oct 2020	9	7	0	16
Nov 2020	6	5	0	11
Dec 2020	10	6	0	16
Jan 2021	17	6	0	23
Feb 2021	7	8	0	15
Mar 2021	9	2	2	13
Apr 2021	6	6	1	13
May 2021	12	8	3	23
Jun 2021	6	5	0	11
Jul 2021	4	8	0	12
Aug 2021	7	7	1	15
Sep 2021	15	11	0	26
Oct 2021	3	31	0	34
Nov 2021	9	28	1	38
Dec 2021	12	8	1	21
Jan 2022	15	7	0	22
Feb 2022	17	7	2	26
Mar 2022	6	1	1	8
Apr 2022	2	1	1	4
May 2022	12	7	0	19
Jun 2022	8	9	2	19
Jul 2022	4	5	0	9
Aug 2022	16	4	0	20
Sep 2022	8	6	0	14
Oct 2022	11	4	0	15
Nov 2022	9	9	0	18
Dec 2022	9	3	1	13
Jan 2023	11	9	0	20
Feb 2023	14	5	0	19
Mar 2023	15	6	1	22
Apr 2023	9	2	0	11
May 2023	30	9	0	39
Jun 2023	35	10	2	47
Jul 2023	44	3	3	50
Aug 2023	38	8	2	48
Sep 2023	47	5	0	52
Oct 2023	44	6	4	54
Nov 2023	28	4	1	33
Dec 2023	37	5	3	45
Jan 2024	51	11	0	62
Feb 2024	39	7	0	46
Mar 2024	40	11	1	52
Apr 2024	51	6	2	59
May 2024	16	19	4	39
Jun 2024	15	17	3	35
Jul 2024	15	19	2	36
Aug 2024	21	9	4	34
Sep 2024	13	3	0	16
Oct 2024	16	5	0	21
Nov 2024	11	11	6	28
Dec 2024	13	4	1	18
Jan 2025	27	9	4	40
Feb 2025	27	10	3	40
Mar 2025	18	9	2	29
Apr 2025	21	11	0	32
May 2025	29	9	2	40
Jun 2025	62	7	3	72
Jul 2025	35	15	1	51
Aug 2025	39	18	4	61
Sep 2025	37	13	3	53
Oct 2025	16	21	0	37
Nov 2025	29	19	4	52
Dec 2025	0

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 05 Jun 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jun 2014	95	82	2	179
Jul 2014	39	19	1	59
Aug 2014	14	15	2	31
Sep 2014	16	16	2	34
Oct 2014	15	13	1	29
Nov 2014	15	13	0	28
Dec 2014	13	21	0	34
Jan 2015	11	12	0	23
Feb 2015	59	56	1	116
Mar 2015	43	40	1	84
Apr 2015	36	20	1	57
May 2015	26	23	2	51
Jun 2015	39	14	1	54
Jul 2015	37	15	1	53
Aug 2015	10	22	2	34
Sep 2015	7	9	0	16
Oct 2015	27	8	1	36
Nov 2015	44	19	4	67
Dec 2015	13	11	2	26
Jan 2016	49	17	4	70
Feb 2016	36	11	0	47
Mar 2016	30	11	0	41
Apr 2016	11	5	0	16
May 2016	13	4	0	17
Jun 2016	11	5	1	17
Jul 2016	15	7	3	25
Aug 2016	12	2	0	14
Sep 2016	11	4	0	15
Oct 2016	17	14	2	33
Nov 2016	13	9	0	22
Dec 2016	7	12	1	20
Jan 2017	22	10	2	34
Feb 2017	21	10	4	35
Mar 2017	23	15	6	44
Apr 2017	33	10	6	49
May 2017	31	6	5	42
Jun 2017	35	15	2	52
Jul 2017	33	19	4	56
Aug 2017	13	22	6	41
Sep 2017	14	13	1	28
Oct 2017	17	16	5	38
Nov 2017	15	23	2	40
Dec 2017	11	18	2	31
Jan 2018	12	18	3	33
Feb 2018	8	16	2	26
Mar 2018	16	20	5	41
Apr 2018	21	24	4	49
May 2018	13	13	4	30
Jun 2018	11	26	4	41
Jul 2018	4	17	3	24
Aug 2018	10	13	2	25
Sep 2018	11	22	3	36
Oct 2018	16	17	5	38
Nov 2018	17	17	6	40
Dec 2018	20	13	0	33
Jan 2019	4	15	0	19
Feb 2019	3	12	1	16
Mar 2019	3	11	0	14
Apr 2019	8	14	0	22
May 2019	12	17	1	30
Jun 2019	6	5	0	11
Jul 2019	7	15	1	23
Aug 2019	4	17	0	21
Sep 2019	3	7	1	11
Oct 2019	5	6	0	11
Nov 2019	6	5	0	11
Dec 2019	8	5	1	14
Jan 2020	7	6	0	13
Feb 2020	5	5	1	11
Mar 2020	2	1	3
Apr 2020	4	4	0	8
May 2020	6	2	0	8
Jun 2020	16	4	0	20
Jul 2020	23	8	5	36
Aug 2020	20	6	2	28
Sep 2020	9	4	2	15
Oct 2020	9	7	0	16
Nov 2020	6	5	0	11
Dec 2020	10	6	0	16
Jan 2021	17	6	0	23
Feb 2021	7	8	0	15
Mar 2021	9	2	2	13
Apr 2021	6	6	1	13
May 2021	12	8	3	23
Jun 2021	6	5	0	11
Jul 2021	4	8	0	12
Aug 2021	7	7	1	15
Sep 2021	15	11	0	26
Oct 2021	3	31	0	34
Nov 2021	9	28	1	38
Dec 2021	12	8	1	21
Jan 2022	15	7	0	22
Feb 2022	17	7	2	26
Mar 2022	6	1	1	8
Apr 2022	2	1	1	4
May 2022	12	7	0	19
Jun 2022	8	9	2	19
Jul 2022	4	5	0	9
Aug 2022	16	4	0	20
Sep 2022	8	6	0	14
Oct 2022	11	4	0	15
Nov 2022	9	9	0	18
Dec 2022	9	3	1	13
Jan 2023	11	9	0	20
Feb 2023	14	5	0	19
Mar 2023	15	6	1	22
Apr 2023	9	2	0	11
May 2023	30	9	0	39
Jun 2023	35	10	2	47
Jul 2023	44	3	3	50
Aug 2023	38	8	2	48
Sep 2023	47	5	0	52
Oct 2023	44	6	4	54
Nov 2023	28	4	1	33
Dec 2023	37	5	3	45
Jan 2024	51	11	0	62
Feb 2024	39	7	0	46
Mar 2024	40	11	1	52
Apr 2024	51	6	2	59
May 2024	16	19	4	39
Jun 2024	15	17	3	35
Jul 2024	15	19	2	36
Aug 2024	21	9	4	34
Sep 2024	13	3	0	16
Oct 2024	16	5	0	21
Nov 2024	11	11	6	28
Dec 2024	13	4	1	18
Jan 2025	27	9	4	40
Feb 2025	27	10	3	40
Mar 2025	18	9	2	29
Apr 2025	21	11	0	32
May 2025	29	9	2	40
Jun 2025	62	7	3	72
Jul 2025	35	15	1	51
Aug 2025	39	18	4	61
Sep 2025	37	13	3	53
Oct 2025	16	21	0	37
Nov 2025	29	19	4	52
Dec 2025	0

Latest update: 02 Dec 2025

Short summary

We use multi-year simulations of the chemistry--climate model EMAC to investigate the impact that the various types of PSCs have on Antarctic chlorine activation and ozone loss. Heterogeneous chemistry on liquid particles is responsible for more than 90% of the ozone depletion in Antarctic spring in the model simulations. In high southern latitudes, heterogeneous chemistry on ice particles causes only up to 5 DU of additional ozone depletion and chemistry on NAT particles less than 0.5 DU.