Chambon, P., Jobard, I., Roca, R., and Viltard, N.: An investigation of the error budget of tropical rainfall accumulation derived from merged passive microwave and infrared satellite measurements, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 139, 879–893, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.1907, 2013.
Charlock, T. P. and Ramanathan, V.: The albedo field and cloud radiative forcing produced by a general circulation model with internally generated cloud optics, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1408–1429, 1985.
Chou, M.-D., Suarez, M. J., Ho, C-H., Yan, M. M.-H., and Lee, K.-T.: Parameterizations for cloud overlapping and shortwave single-scattering properties for use in general circulation and cloud ensemble models, J. Climate, 11, 202–214, 1998.
Clough, S. A., Shephard, M. W., Mlawer, E. J., Delamere, J. S., Iacono, M. J., Cady-Pereira, K., Boukabara, S., and Brown, P. D.: Atmospheric radiative transfer modeling: a summary of the AER codes, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 91, 233–244, 2005.
Cole, J., Barker, H. W., Loeb, N. G., and von Salzen, K.: Asessing simulated clouds and radiative fluxes using properties of clouds whose tops are exposed to space, J. Climate, 24, 2715–2727, 2011.
Collins, W. D.: Parameterization of generalized cloud overlap for radiative calculations in general circulation models, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3224–3242, 2001.
Desbois, M., Capderou, M., Eymard, L., Roca, R., Viltard, N., Viollier, M., and Karouche, N.: Megha- Tropiques: un satellite hydrométéorologique francoindien, La meteorologie, 53, 19–27, 2007.
Dessler, A. E. and Yang, P.: The distribution of tropical thin cirrus clouds inferred from Terra MODIS data, J. Climate, 16, 1241–1247, 2003.
Devasthale, A. and Fueglistaler, S.: A climatological perspective of deep convection penetrating the TTL during the Indian summer monsoon from the AVHRR and MODIS instruments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4573–4582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4573-2010, 2010.
Fouquart, Y.: Radiation in boundary layer clouds, in: Report of the JSC/ CAS Workshop on Modelling of Cloud-Topped Boundary Layer, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, 22–26 April, Appendix D, 40 pp., 1985.
Fouquart, Y. and Bonnel, B.: Computations of solar heating of the earth's atmosphere: A new parameterization, Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 53, 35–62, 1980.
Fu, Q.: An accurate parameterization of the solar radiative properties of cirrus clouds for climate models, J. Climate, 9, 2058–2082, 1996.
Futyan, J. M., Russell, J. E., and Harries, J. E.: Cloud radiative forcing in Pacific, African, and Atlantic tropical convective regions, J. Climate, 17, 3192–3202, 2004.
Geleyn, J.-F. and Hollingsworth, A.: An economical analytical method for the computation of the interaction between scattering and line absorption of radiation, Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 52, 1–16, 1979.
Harrison, E. F., Minnis, P., Barkstrom, B. R., Ramanathan, V., Cess, R. D., and Gibson, G. G.: Seasonal variation of cloud radiative forcing derived from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18687–18703, 1990.
Hu, Y. X. and Stamnes, K.: An accurate parameterization of the radiative properties of water clouds suitable for use in climate models, J. Climate, 6, 728–742, 1993.
Iacono, M. J., Mlawer, E. J., Clough, S. A., and Morcrette, J.-J.: Impact of an improved longwave radiation model, RRTM, on the energy budget and thermodynamic properties of the NCAR community climate model, CCM3, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14873–14890, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900091, 2000.
Key, J. R. and Schweiger, A. J.: Tools for atmospheric radiative transfer: Streamer and FluxNet, Computat. Geosci., 24, 443–451, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00130-1, 1998.
Key, J. R., Yang, P., Baum, B. A., and Nasiri, S. L.: Parameterization of shortwave ice cloud optical properties for various particle habits, J. Geophys. Res., 107, AAC 7-1–AAC 7-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000742, 2002.
Kiehl, J. T.: On the observed near cancellation between longwave and shortwave cloud forcing in tropical regions, J. Climate, 7, 559–565, 1994.
Kiehl, J. T. and Ramanathan, V.: Comparison of cloud forcing derived from Earth Radiation Budget Experiment with that simulated by the NCAR Community climate Model, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1679–1698, 1990.
Klein, S. A. and Jakob, C.: Validation and sensitivities of frontal clouds simulated by the ECMWF model, Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 2514–2531, 1999.
Liou, K.-N.: Influence of cirrus clouds on weather and climate processes: A global perspective, Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 1167–1199, 1986.
Liou, K. N. and Ou, S. C.: The role of cloud microphysical processes in climate: an assessment from a one-dimensional perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8599–8607, 1989.
Lo, E.: Gaussian error propagation applied to ecological data: post-ice-storm-downed woody biomass, Ecol. Monogr., 75, 451–466, 2005.
Loeb, N. G., Kato, S., Loukachine, K., and Manalo-Smith, N.: Angular distribution models for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux estimation from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System instrument on the Terra satellite, Part I: Methodology. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 22, 338–351, 2005.
Loeb, N. G., Wielicki, B. A., Doelling, D. R., Smith, G. L., Keyes, D. F., Kato, S., Manalo-Smith, N., and Wong, T.: Toward optimal closure of the earth's top-of-atmosphere radiation budget, J. Climate, 22, 748–766, 2009a.
Loeb, N. G., Wielicki, B. A., Wong, T., and Parker, P. A.: Impact of data gaps on satellite broadband radiation records, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D11109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011183, 2009b.
Meenu, S., Rajeev, K., Parameswaran, K., and Suresh Raju, C.: Characteristics of the double intertropical convergence zone over the tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007950, 2007.
Meenu, S., Rajeev, K., Parameswaran, K., and Nair, A. K. M.: Regional distribution of deep clouds and cloud top altitudes over the Indian subcontinent and the surrounding oceans, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D05205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011802, 2010.
Menzel, W. P., Frey, R. A., Zhang, H., Wylie, D. P., Moeller, C. C., Holz, R. E., Maddux, B., Baum, B. A., Strabala, K. I., and Gumley, L. E.: MODIS global cloud top pressure and amount estimation: Algorithm description and results, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 47, 1175–1198, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAMC1705.1, 2008.
Mlawer, E. J., Taubman, S. J., Brown, P. D., Iacono, M. J., and Clough, S.A.: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16663–16682, 1997.
Morcrette, J.-J., Barker, H. W., Cole, J., Iacono, M., and Pincus, R.: Impact of a new radiation package, McRad, in the ECMWF integrated forecasting system, Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 4773–4798, 2008.
Pai, D. S. and Rajeevan, M.: Clouds and cloud radiative forcing over tropical Indian ocean and their relationship with sea surface temperature, Curr. Sci. India, 75, 372–381, 1998.
Pavlakis, K. G., Hatzianastassiou, N., Matsoukas, C., Fotiadi, A., and Vardavas, I.: ENSO surface shortwave radiation forcing over the tropical Pacific, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5565–5577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5565-2008, 2008.
Pincus, R., Barker, H. W., and Morcrette, J.-J.: A fast, flexible, approximate technique for computing radiative transfer in inhomogeneous cloud fields, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4376, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003322, 2003.
Platt, C. M. R.: A parameterization of the visible extinction coefficient of ice clouds in terms of the ice/water content, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2083–2098, 1997.
Räisänen, P.: Parameterization of water and ice cloud near-infrared single-scattering co-albedo in broadband radiation schemes, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 626–641, 1999.
Ramanathan, V., Cess, R. D., Harrison, E. F., Minnis, P., Barkstrom, B. R., Ahmad, E., and Hartmann, D.: Cloud-radiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, Science, 243, 57–63, 1989.
Remer, L. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Mattoo, S., Chu, D. A., Martins, J. V., Li, R.-R.., Ichoku, C., Levy, R. C., Kleidman, R. G., Eck, T. F., Vermote, E., and Holben, B. N.: The MODIS Aerosol Algorithm, Products, and Validation, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 947–973, 2005.
Roca, R., Louvet, S., Picon, L., and Desbois, M.: A study of convective systems, water vapor and top of the atmosphere cloud radiative forcing over the Indian Ocean using INSAT-1B and ERBE data, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 90, 49–65, 2004.
Rossow, W. B. and Zhang, Y. C.: Calculation of surface and top of atmosphere radiative fluxes from physical quantities based on ISCCP datasets. 2. Validation and first results, J. Geophys. Res, 100, 1167–1197, 1995.
Rossow, W. B., Zhang, Y., and Wang, J.: A statistical model of cloud vertical structure based on reconciling cloud layer amounts inferred from satellites and radiosonde humidity profiles, J. Climate, 18, 3587–3605, 2005.
Schmidt, E. O., Arduini, R. F., Wielicki, B. A., Stone, R. S., and Tsay, S.-C.: Considerations for modeling thin cirrus effects via brightness temperature differences, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 447–459, 1995.
Slingo, A.: A GCM parameterization for the shortwave radiative properties of water clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1419–1427, 1989.
Smith, G. L., Mlynczak, P. E., and Potter, G. L.: A technique using principal component analysis to compare seasonal cycles of Earth radiation from CERES and model computations, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D09116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017343, 2012.
Sohn, B.-J. and Schmetz, J.: Water vapor–induced OLR variations associated with high cloud changes over the tropics: A study from Meteosat-5 observations, J. Climate, 17, 1987–1996, 2004.
Sohn, B.-J. and Bennartz, R.: Contribution of water vapor to observational estimates of longwave cloud radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010053, 2008.
Sohn, B.-J., Schmetz, J., Stuhlmann, R., and Lee, J. -Y.: Dry bias in satellite-derived clear-sky water vapor and its contribution to longwave cloud radiative forcing, J. Climate, 19, 5570–5580, 2006.
Stephens, G. L., Tsay, S. C., Stackhouse Jr., P. W., and Platau, P. J.: The relevance of the microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds to climate and climate feedback, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1742–1753, 1990.
Sun, Z. and Shine, K. P.: Studies of the radiative properties of ice and mixed-phase clouds, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 111–137, 1994.
Tang, X. and Chen, B: Cloud types associated with the Asian summer monsoons as determined from MODIS/TERRA measurements and a comparison with surface observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L07814, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026004, 2006.
Taylor, J. R.: An introduction to error analysis, University Science Books, Mill Valley, California, USA, 1982.
Weare, B. C.: Combined satellite- and surface-based observations of clouds, J. Climate, 12, 897–913, 1999.
Webb, M., Senior, C., Bony, S., and Morcrette, J.-J.: Combining ERBE and ISCCP data to assess clouds in the Hadley Centre, ECMWF and LMD atmospheric climate models, Clim. Dynam., 17, 905–922, 2001.
Wentz, F. J.: A well-calibrated ocean algorithm for SSM/I, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8703–8718, 1997.
Wielicki, B. A., Cess, R. D., King, M. D., Randall, D. A., and Harrison, E. F.: Mission to Planet Earth: Role of clouds and radiation in climate, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 76, 2125–2153, 1995.
Wyser, K. and Yang, P.: Average ice crystal size and bulk shortwave single-scattering properties of cirrus clouds, Atmos. Res., 49, 315–335, 1998.
Young, D. F., Minnis, P., Doelling, D. R., Gibson, G. G., and Wong, T.: Temporal interpolation methods for the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Experiment, J. Appl. Meteorol., 37, 572–590, 1998.
Zhang, M. H., Lin, W. Y., Klein, S. A., Bacmeister, J. T., Bony, S., Cederwall, R. T., Del Genio, A. D., Hack, J. J., Loeb, N. G., Lohmann, U., Minnis, P., Musat, I., Pincus, R., Stier, P., Suarez, M. J., Webb, M. J., Wu, J. B., Xie, S. C., and Yao, M.-S.: Comparing clouds and their seasonal variations in 10 atmospheric general circulation models with satellite measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15S02, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005021, 2005.
Zhang, Y. C., Rossow, W. B., and Lacis, A. A.: Calculation of surface and top of atmosphere radiative fluxes from physical quantities based on ISCCP datasets. 1. Method and sensitivity to input data uncertainties, J. Geophys. Res, 100, 1149–1165, 1995.
Zhang, Y.-C., Rossow, W. B., Lacis, A. A., Oinas, V., and Mishchenko, M. I.: Calculation of radiative fluxes from the surface to top of atmosphere based on ISCCP and other global datasets: Refinements of the radiative transfer model and the input data, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004457, 2004.
Zuluaga, M. D., Hoyos, C. D., and Webster, P. J.: Spatial and temporal distribution of latent heating in the south Asian monsoon region, J. Climate, 23, 2010–2029, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3026.1, 2010.
