Articles | Volume 14, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6345-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6345-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Review article
| 
26 Jun 2014
Review article |
| 26 Jun 2014
Overview of the Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory: site description and selected science results from 2008 to 2013
J. Ortega
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
A. Turnipseed
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
A. B. Guenther
now at: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Atmospheric Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999 Richland, WA 99352, USA
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
T. G. Karl
now at: University of Innsbruck, Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics (IMGI), Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
D. A. Day
University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
D. Gochis
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
J. A. Huffman
University of Denver, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Denver, CO 80208, USA
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
A. J. Prenni
now at: Air Resources Division, National Park Service, Lakewood, CO 80225, USA
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
E. J. T. Levin
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
S. M. Kreidenweis
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
P. J. DeMott
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
now at: National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
E. G. Patton
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
A. Hodzic
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
Y. Y. Cui
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, MO 63103, USA
P. C. Harley
now at: Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51014, Estonia
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
R. S. Hornbrook
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
E. C. Apel
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
R. K. Monson
School of Natural Resources and the Environment and Laboratory for Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
A. S. D. Eller
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
now at: Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
J. P. Greenberg
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
M. C. Barth
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
P. Campuzano-Jost
University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
B. B. Palm
University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
J. L. Jimenez
University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
A. C. Aiken
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
M. K. Dubey
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
C. Geron
US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air pollution Prevention and Control Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
J. Offenberg
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
M. G. Ryan
National Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
P. J. Fornwalt
United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
S. C. Pryor
Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47405, USA
now at: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
F. N. Keutsch
Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
J. P. DiGangi
Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
now at: NASA Langley Research Center, Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
A. W. H. Chan
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
now at: Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
A. H. Goldstein
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
G. M. Wolfe
Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA
now at: Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
L. Kaser
Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
now at: National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
R. Schnitzhofer
Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
A. Hansel
Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
C. A. Cantrell
now at: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
R. L. Mauldin
now at: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
J. N. Smith
Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
Abstract. The Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics & Nitrogen (BEACHON) project seeks to understand the feedbacks and inter-relationships between hydrology, biogenic emissions, carbon assimilation, aerosol properties, clouds and associated feedbacks within water-limited ecosystems. The Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory (MEFO) was established in 2008 by the National Center for Atmospheric Research to address many of the BEACHON research objectives, and it now provides a fixed field site with significant infrastructure. MEFO is a mountainous, semi-arid ponderosa pine-dominated forest site that is normally dominated by clean continental air but is periodically influenced by anthropogenic sources from Colorado Front Range cities. This article summarizes the past and ongoing research activities at the site, and highlights some of the significant findings that have resulted from these measurements. These activities include
- soil property measurements;
- hydrological studies;
- measurements of high-frequency turbulence parameters;
- eddy covariance flux measurements of water, energy, aerosols and carbon dioxide through the canopy;
- determination of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions and their influence on regional atmospheric chemistry;
- aerosol number and mass distributions;
- chemical speciation of aerosol particles;
- characterization of ice and cloud condensation nuclei;
- trace gas measurements; and
- model simulations using coupled chemistry and meteorology.
In addition to various long-term continuous measurements, three focused measurement campaigns with state-of-the-art instrumentation have taken place since the site was established, and two of these studies are the subjects of this special issue: BEACHON-ROCS (Rocky Mountain Organic Carbon Study, 2010) and BEACHON-RoMBAS (Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study, 2011).
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How to cite. Ortega, J., Turnipseed, A., Guenther, A. B., Karl, T. G., Day, D. A., Gochis, D., Huffman, J. A., Prenni, A. J., Levin, E. J. T., Kreidenweis, S. M., DeMott, P. J., Tobo, Y., Patton, E. G., Hodzic, A., Cui, Y. Y., Harley, P. C., Hornbrook, R. S., Apel, E. C., Monson, R. K., Eller, A. S. D., Greenberg, J. P., Barth, M. C., Campuzano-Jost, P., Palm, B. B., Jimenez, J. L., Aiken, A. C., Dubey, M. K., Geron, C., Offenberg, J., Ryan, M. G., Fornwalt, P. J., Pryor, S. C., Keutsch, F. N., DiGangi, J. P., Chan, A. W. H., Goldstein, A. H., Wolfe, G. M., Kim, S., Kaser, L., Schnitzhofer, R., Hansel, A., Cantrell, C. A., Mauldin, R. L., and Smith, J. N.: Overview of the Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory: site description and selected science results from 2008 to 2013, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6345–6367, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6345-2014, 2014.
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