Articles | Volume 14, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13391-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13391-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Bromine partitioning in the tropical tropopause layer: implications for stratospheric injection
R. P. Fernandez
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
R. J. Salawitch
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, MD 20742, USA
D. E. Kinnison
Atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
J.-F. Lamarque
Atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
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Cited
85 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Effects of halogens on European air-quality T. Sherwen et al. 10.1039/C7FD00026J
- Together, Not Separately, OH and O3 Oxidize Hg(0) to Hg(II) in the Atmosphere P. Castro et al. 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04364
- BrO and inferred Br<sub><i>y</i></sub> profiles over the western Pacific: relevance of inorganic bromine sources and a Br<sub><i>y</i></sub> minimum in the aged tropical tropopause layer T. Koenig et al. 10.5194/acp-17-15245-2017
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- Bromine from short-lived source gases in the extratropical northern hemispheric upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) T. Keber et al. 10.5194/acp-20-4105-2020
- Photoreduction of gaseous oxidized mercury changes global atmospheric mercury speciation, transport and deposition A. Saiz-Lopez et al. 10.1038/s41467-018-07075-3
- 200-year ice core bromine reconstruction at Dome C (Antarctica): observational and modelling results F. Burgay et al. 10.5194/tc-17-391-2023
- A pervasive role for biomass burning in tropical high ozone/low water structures D. Anderson et al. 10.1038/ncomms10267
- Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short‐Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models P. Wales et al. 10.1029/2017JD027978
- Bromine soil/sediment enrichment in tidal salt marshes as a potential indicator of climate changes driven by solar activity: New insights from W coast Portuguese estuaries J. Moreno et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.130
- Global Atmospheric Budget of Acetone: Air‐Sea Exchange and the Contribution to Hydroxyl Radicals S. Wang et al. 10.1029/2020JD032553
- Impact of Enhanced Ozone Deposition and Halogen Chemistry on Tropospheric Ozone over the Northern Hemisphere G. Sarwar et al. 10.1021/acs.est.5b01657
- Modeling the observed tropospheric BrO background: Importance of multiphase chemistry and implications for ozone, OH, and mercury J. Schmidt et al. 10.1002/2015JD024229
- A Lagrangian Model Diagnosis of Stratospheric Contributions to Tropical Midtropospheric Air M. Tao et al. 10.1029/2018JD028696
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- Natural halogens buffer tropospheric ozone in a changing climate F. Iglesias-Suarez et al. 10.1038/s41558-019-0675-6
- The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole C. Cuevas et al. 10.1073/pnas.2110864119
- Comparing the Effect of Anthropogenically Amplified Halogen Natural Emissions on Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry Between Pre‐Industrial and Present‐Day J. Barrera et al. 10.1029/2022JD038283
- Revising the Ozone Depletion Potentials Metric for Short‐Lived Chemicals Such as CF3I and CH3I J. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2020JD032414
- Determination of the absorption cross sections of higher-order iodine oxides at 355 and 532 nm T. Lewis et al. 10.5194/acp-20-10865-2020
- Sensitivity of tropospheric ozone to halogen chemistry in the chemistry–climate model LMDZ-INCA vNMHC C. Caram et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-4041-2023
- Tropospheric Halogen Chemistry: Sources, Cycling, and Impacts W. Simpson et al. 10.1021/cr5006638
- Active and widespread halogen chemistry in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere S. Wang et al. 10.1073/pnas.1505142112
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- Climate changes modulated the history of Arctic iodine during the Last Glacial Cycle J. Corella et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-27642-5
- Role of Iodine Recycling on Sea‐Salt Aerosols in the Global Marine Boundary Layer Q. Li et al. 10.1029/2021GL097567
- Modeling the Sources and Chemistry of Polar Tropospheric Halogens (Cl, Br, and I) Using the CAM‐Chem Global Chemistry‐Climate Model R. Fernandez et al. 10.1029/2019MS001655
- Improved Mechanistic Model of the Atmospheric Redox Chemistry of Mercury V. Shah et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c03160
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- The Role of Natural Halogens in Global Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry and Budget Under Different 21st Century Climate Scenarios A. Badia et al. 10.1029/2021JD034859
- Variability and past long-term changes of brominated very short-lived substances at the tropical tropopause S. Tegtmeier et al. 10.5194/acp-20-7103-2020
- Global seasonal distribution of CH2Br2 and CHBr3 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere M. Jesswein et al. 10.5194/acp-22-15049-2022
- Ozone depletion due to dust release of iodine in the free troposphere T. Koenig et al. 10.1126/sciadv.abj6544
- Airborne measurements of BrO and the sum of HOBr and Br2 over the Tropical West Pacific from 1 to 15 km during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment D. Chen et al. 10.1002/2016JD025561
- Atmospheric gaseous hydrochloric and hydrobromic acid in urban Beijing, China: detection, source identification and potential atmospheric impacts X. Fan et al. 10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021
- Seasonal impact of biogenic very short-lived bromocarbons on lowermost stratospheric ozone between 60° N and 60° S during the 21st century J. Barrera et al. 10.5194/acp-20-8083-2020
- Typhoon- and pollution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer S. Wang et al. 10.1093/nsr/nwae074
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- Impacts of ocean biogeochemistry on atmospheric chemistry L. Tinel et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00032
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- Influence of bromine and iodine chemistry on annual, seasonal, diurnal, and background ozone: CMAQ simulations over the Northern Hemisphere G. Sarwar et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.06.020
- A Synthesis Inversion to Constrain Global Emissions of Two Very Short Lived Chlorocarbons: Dichloromethane, and Perchloroethylene T. Claxton et al. 10.1029/2019JD031818
- Antarctic ozone hole modifies iodine geochemistry on the Antarctic Plateau A. Spolaor et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-26109-x
- Very short-lived halogens amplify ozone depletion trends in the tropical lower stratosphere J. Villamayor et al. 10.1038/s41558-023-01671-y
- Reactive halogens increase the global methane lifetime and radiative forcing in the 21st century Q. Li et al. 10.1038/s41467-022-30456-8
- Global impacts of tropospheric halogens (Cl, Br, I) on oxidants and composition in GEOS-Chem T. Sherwen et al. 10.5194/acp-16-12239-2016
- Direct detection of atmospheric atomic bromine leading to mercury and ozone depletion S. Wang et al. 10.1073/pnas.1900613116
- Modeling the inorganic bromine partitioning in the tropical tropopause layer over the eastern and western Pacific Ocean M. Navarro et al. 10.5194/acp-17-9917-2017
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- NO<sub>2</sub> seasonal evolution in the north subtropical free troposphere M. Gil-Ojeda et al. 10.5194/acp-15-10567-2015
- Airborne measurements of organic bromine compounds in the Pacific tropical tropopause layer M. Navarro et al. 10.1073/pnas.1511463112
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- Ocean Biogeochemistry Control on the Marine Emissions of Brominated Very Short‐Lived Ozone‐Depleting Substances: A Machine‐Learning Approach S. Wang et al. 10.1029/2019JD031288
- The Chemistry of Mercury in the Stratosphere A. Saiz‐Lopez et al. 10.1029/2022GL097953
- Probing the subtropical lowermost stratosphere and the tropical upper troposphere and tropopause layer for inorganic bromine B. Werner et al. 10.5194/acp-17-1161-2017
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- Anthropogenic Bromoform at the Extratropical Tropopause Y. Jia et al. 10.1029/2023GL102894
- Spatial and Temporal Variability of Iodine in Aerosol J. Gómez Martín et al. 10.1029/2020JD034410
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- Iodine chemistry in the troposphere and its effect on ozone A. Saiz-Lopez et al. 10.5194/acp-14-13119-2014
- Bromoform, dibromochloromethane, and dibromomethane over the East China Sea and the western Pacific Ocean: Oceanic emission and spatial variation S. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127151
82 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Nighttime atmospheric chemistry of iodine A. Saiz-Lopez et al. 10.5194/acp-16-15593-2016
- Chemical Interactions Between Ship‐Originated Air Pollutants and Ocean‐Emitted Halogens Q. Li et al. 10.1029/2020JD034175
- Effects of halogens on European air-quality T. Sherwen et al. 10.1039/C7FD00026J
- Together, Not Separately, OH and O3 Oxidize Hg(0) to Hg(II) in the Atmosphere P. Castro et al. 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04364
- BrO and inferred Br<sub><i>y</i></sub> profiles over the western Pacific: relevance of inorganic bromine sources and a Br<sub><i>y</i></sub> minimum in the aged tropical tropopause layer T. Koenig et al. 10.5194/acp-17-15245-2017
- Troposphere–stratosphere-integrated bromine monoxide (BrO) profile retrieval over the central Pacific Ocean T. Koenig et al. 10.5194/amt-17-5911-2024
- Bromine from short-lived source gases in the extratropical northern hemispheric upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) T. Keber et al. 10.5194/acp-20-4105-2020
- Photoreduction of gaseous oxidized mercury changes global atmospheric mercury speciation, transport and deposition A. Saiz-Lopez et al. 10.1038/s41467-018-07075-3
- 200-year ice core bromine reconstruction at Dome C (Antarctica): observational and modelling results F. Burgay et al. 10.5194/tc-17-391-2023
- A pervasive role for biomass burning in tropical high ozone/low water structures D. Anderson et al. 10.1038/ncomms10267
- Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short‐Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models P. Wales et al. 10.1029/2017JD027978
- Bromine soil/sediment enrichment in tidal salt marshes as a potential indicator of climate changes driven by solar activity: New insights from W coast Portuguese estuaries J. Moreno et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.130
- Global Atmospheric Budget of Acetone: Air‐Sea Exchange and the Contribution to Hydroxyl Radicals S. Wang et al. 10.1029/2020JD032553
- Impact of Enhanced Ozone Deposition and Halogen Chemistry on Tropospheric Ozone over the Northern Hemisphere G. Sarwar et al. 10.1021/acs.est.5b01657
- Modeling the observed tropospheric BrO background: Importance of multiphase chemistry and implications for ozone, OH, and mercury J. Schmidt et al. 10.1002/2015JD024229
- A Lagrangian Model Diagnosis of Stratospheric Contributions to Tropical Midtropospheric Air M. Tao et al. 10.1029/2018JD028696
- Transport of short-lived halocarbons to the stratosphere over the Pacific Ocean M. Filus et al. 10.5194/acp-20-1163-2020
- Organic bromine compounds produced in sea ice in Antarctic winter K. Abrahamsson et al. 10.1038/s41467-018-07062-8
- A multi-model intercomparison of halogenated very short-lived substances (TransCom-VSLS): linking oceanic emissions and tropospheric transport for a reconciled estimate of the stratospheric source gas injection of bromine R. Hossaini et al. 10.5194/acp-16-9163-2016
- Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical Sources and Sinks, Convective Transport, and Representation in CAM‐Chem and the CCMI Models D. Anderson et al. 10.1002/2016JD026121
- Simulating the impact of emissions of brominated very short lived substances on past stratospheric ozone trends B. Sinnhuber & S. Meul 10.1002/2014GL062975
- Rapid increase in atmospheric iodine levels in the North Atlantic since the mid-20th century C. Cuevas et al. 10.1038/s41467-018-03756-1
- Natural halogens buffer tropospheric ozone in a changing climate F. Iglesias-Suarez et al. 10.1038/s41558-019-0675-6
- The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole C. Cuevas et al. 10.1073/pnas.2110864119
- Comparing the Effect of Anthropogenically Amplified Halogen Natural Emissions on Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry Between Pre‐Industrial and Present‐Day J. Barrera et al. 10.1029/2022JD038283
- Revising the Ozone Depletion Potentials Metric for Short‐Lived Chemicals Such as CF3I and CH3I J. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2020JD032414
- Determination of the absorption cross sections of higher-order iodine oxides at 355 and 532 nm T. Lewis et al. 10.5194/acp-20-10865-2020
- Sensitivity of tropospheric ozone to halogen chemistry in the chemistry–climate model LMDZ-INCA vNMHC C. Caram et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-4041-2023
- Tropospheric Halogen Chemistry: Sources, Cycling, and Impacts W. Simpson et al. 10.1021/cr5006638
- Active and widespread halogen chemistry in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere S. Wang et al. 10.1073/pnas.1505142112
- A new mechanism for atmospheric mercury redox chemistry: implications for the global mercury budget H. Horowitz et al. 10.5194/acp-17-6353-2017
- Photochemistry of oxidized Hg(I) and Hg(II) species suggests missing mercury oxidation in the troposphere A. Saiz-Lopez et al. 10.1073/pnas.1922486117
- Injection of iodine to the stratosphere A. Saiz‐Lopez et al. 10.1002/2015GL064796
- Intercomparison Between Surrogate, Explicit, and Full Treatments of VSL Bromine Chemistry Within the CAM‐Chem Chemistry‐Climate Model R. Fernandez et al. 10.1029/2020GL091125
- Potential Effect of Halogens on Atmospheric Oxidation and Air Quality in China Q. Li et al. 10.1029/2019JD032058
- A new Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy instrument to study atmospheric chemistry from a high-altitude unmanned aircraft J. Stutz et al. 10.5194/amt-10-1017-2017
- Iodine chemistry in the chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2-I A. Karagodin-Doyennel et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-6623-2021
- Mercury oxidation from bromine chemistry in the free troposphere over the southeastern US S. Coburn et al. 10.5194/acp-16-3743-2016
- Climate changes modulated the history of Arctic iodine during the Last Glacial Cycle J. Corella et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-27642-5
- Role of Iodine Recycling on Sea‐Salt Aerosols in the Global Marine Boundary Layer Q. Li et al. 10.1029/2021GL097567
- Modeling the Sources and Chemistry of Polar Tropospheric Halogens (Cl, Br, and I) Using the CAM‐Chem Global Chemistry‐Climate Model R. Fernandez et al. 10.1029/2019MS001655
- Improved Mechanistic Model of the Atmospheric Redox Chemistry of Mercury V. Shah et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c03160
- Measurements and Modeling of the Interhemispheric Differences of Atmospheric Chlorinated Very Short‐Lived Substances B. Roozitalab et al. 10.1029/2023JD039518
- Experimental Determination of the Photooxidation of Aqueous I– as a Source of Atmospheric I2 K. Watanabe et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00007
- Natural short-lived halogens exert an indirect cooling effect on climate A. Saiz-Lopez et al. 10.1038/s41586-023-06119-z
- Impact and pathway of halogens on atmospheric oxidants in coastal city clusters in the Yangtze River Delta region in China H. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2023.101979
- The Role of Natural Halogens in Global Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry and Budget Under Different 21st Century Climate Scenarios A. Badia et al. 10.1029/2021JD034859
- Variability and past long-term changes of brominated very short-lived substances at the tropical tropopause S. Tegtmeier et al. 10.5194/acp-20-7103-2020
- Global seasonal distribution of CH2Br2 and CHBr3 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere M. Jesswein et al. 10.5194/acp-22-15049-2022
- Ozone depletion due to dust release of iodine in the free troposphere T. Koenig et al. 10.1126/sciadv.abj6544
- Airborne measurements of BrO and the sum of HOBr and Br2 over the Tropical West Pacific from 1 to 15 km during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment D. Chen et al. 10.1002/2016JD025561
- Atmospheric gaseous hydrochloric and hydrobromic acid in urban Beijing, China: detection, source identification and potential atmospheric impacts X. Fan et al. 10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021
- Seasonal impact of biogenic very short-lived bromocarbons on lowermost stratospheric ozone between 60° N and 60° S during the 21st century J. Barrera et al. 10.5194/acp-20-8083-2020
- Typhoon- and pollution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer S. Wang et al. 10.1093/nsr/nwae074
- Impact of particulate nitrate photolysis on air quality over the Northern Hemisphere G. Sarwar et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170406
- On the formation of tropical rings of atomic halogens: Causes and implications A. Saiz‐Lopez & R. Fernandez 10.1002/2015GL067608
- Quantifying the vertical transport of CHBr<sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub> over the western Pacific R. Butler et al. 10.5194/acp-18-13135-2018
- Impacts of ocean biogeochemistry on atmospheric chemistry L. Tinel et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00032
- An observationally constrained evaluation of the oxidative capacity in the tropical western Pacific troposphere J. Nicely et al. 10.1002/2016JD025067
- Influence of bromine and iodine chemistry on annual, seasonal, diurnal, and background ozone: CMAQ simulations over the Northern Hemisphere G. Sarwar et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.06.020
- A Synthesis Inversion to Constrain Global Emissions of Two Very Short Lived Chlorocarbons: Dichloromethane, and Perchloroethylene T. Claxton et al. 10.1029/2019JD031818
- Antarctic ozone hole modifies iodine geochemistry on the Antarctic Plateau A. Spolaor et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-26109-x
- Very short-lived halogens amplify ozone depletion trends in the tropical lower stratosphere J. Villamayor et al. 10.1038/s41558-023-01671-y
- Reactive halogens increase the global methane lifetime and radiative forcing in the 21st century Q. Li et al. 10.1038/s41467-022-30456-8
- Global impacts of tropospheric halogens (Cl, Br, I) on oxidants and composition in GEOS-Chem T. Sherwen et al. 10.5194/acp-16-12239-2016
- Direct detection of atmospheric atomic bromine leading to mercury and ozone depletion S. Wang et al. 10.1073/pnas.1900613116
- Modeling the inorganic bromine partitioning in the tropical tropopause layer over the eastern and western Pacific Ocean M. Navarro et al. 10.5194/acp-17-9917-2017
- A global model of tropospheric chlorine chemistry: Organic versus inorganic sources and impact on methane oxidation R. Hossaini et al. 10.1002/2016JD025756
- NO<sub>2</sub> seasonal evolution in the north subtropical free troposphere M. Gil-Ojeda et al. 10.5194/acp-15-10567-2015
- Airborne measurements of organic bromine compounds in the Pacific tropical tropopause layer M. Navarro et al. 10.1073/pnas.1511463112
- Impact of biogenic very short-lived bromine on the Antarctic ozone hole during the 21st century R. Fernandez et al. 10.5194/acp-17-1673-2017
- Atmospheric impacts of chlorinated very short-lived substances over the recent past – Part 2: Impacts on ozone E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13701-2023
- Impact of halogen chemistry on summertime air quality in coastal and continental Europe: application of the CMAQ model and implications for regulation Q. Li et al. 10.5194/acp-19-15321-2019
- Arctic halogens reduce ozone in the northern mid-latitudes R. Fernandez et al. 10.1073/pnas.2401975121
- Representation of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1) CAM4-chem within the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) S. Tilmes et al. 10.5194/gmd-9-1853-2016
- Novel approaches to improve estimates of short-lived halocarbon emissions during summer from the Southern Ocean using airborne observations E. Asher et al. 10.5194/acp-19-14071-2019
- Ocean Biogeochemistry Control on the Marine Emissions of Brominated Very Short‐Lived Ozone‐Depleting Substances: A Machine‐Learning Approach S. Wang et al. 10.1029/2019JD031288
- The Chemistry of Mercury in the Stratosphere A. Saiz‐Lopez et al. 10.1029/2022GL097953
- Probing the subtropical lowermost stratosphere and the tropical upper troposphere and tropopause layer for inorganic bromine B. Werner et al. 10.5194/acp-17-1161-2017
- Importance of reactive halogens in the tropical marine atmosphere: a regional modelling study using WRF-Chem A. Badia et al. 10.5194/acp-19-3161-2019
- Anthropogenic Bromoform at the Extratropical Tropopause Y. Jia et al. 10.1029/2023GL102894
- Spatial and Temporal Variability of Iodine in Aerosol J. Gómez Martín et al. 10.1029/2020JD034410
3 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) Experiment L. Pan et al. 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00272.1
- Iodine chemistry in the troposphere and its effect on ozone A. Saiz-Lopez et al. 10.5194/acp-14-13119-2014
- Bromoform, dibromochloromethane, and dibromomethane over the East China Sea and the western Pacific Ocean: Oceanic emission and spatial variation S. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127151
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Latest update: 21 Nov 2024
Short summary
We propose the existence of a daytime “tropical ring of atomic bromine” surrounding the tropics at a height between 15 and 19km. Our simulations show that VSL bromocarbons produce increases of 3pptv for inorganic bromine and 2pptv for organic bromine in the tropical TTL on an annual average, resulting in a total stratospheric bromine injection of 5pptv. This result suggests that the inorganic bromine injected into the stratosphere may be larger than that from VSL bromocarbons.
We propose the existence of a daytime “tropical ring of atomic bromine” surrounding the...
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Final-revised paper
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