Bromine partitioning in the tropical tropopause layer: implications for stratospheric injection

Fernandez, R. P.; Salawitch, R. J.; Kinnison, D. E.; Lamarque, J.-F.; Saiz-Lopez, A.

doi:10.5194/acp-14-13391-2014

Articles | Volume 14, issue 24

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13391-2014

© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13391-2014

© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 14, issue 24

Research article

|

16 Dec 2014

Research article |

| 16 Dec 2014

Bromine partitioning in the tropical tropopause layer: implications for stratospheric injection

R. P. Fernandez, R. J. Salawitch, D. E. Kinnison, J.-F. Lamarque, and A. Saiz-Lopez

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Dec 2014	104	103	3	210
Jan 2015	53	51	1	105
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Mar 2015	29	15	4	48
Apr 2015	41	11	10	62
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Nov 2015	37	21	6	64
Dec 2015	8	19	2	29
Jan 2016	34	17	5	56
Feb 2016	28	7	1	36
Mar 2016	24	12	0	36
Apr 2016	5	2	1	8
May 2016	15	7	1	23
Jun 2016	7	7	1	15
Jul 2016	12	2	3	17
Aug 2016	10	8	0	18
Sep 2016	11	6	0	17
Oct 2016	9	6	0	15
Nov 2016	7	5	0	12
Dec 2016	4	5	1	10
Jan 2017	21	10	3	34
Feb 2017	17	15	2	34
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May 2017	31	7	6	44
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Mar 2019	10	9	1	20
Apr 2019	9	7	0	16
May 2019	7	5	3	15
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Jan 2020	12	5	0	17
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Dec 2023	51	13	3	67
Jan 2024	54	12	5	71
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May 2024	23	13	3	39
Jun 2024	17	6	1	24
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Aug 2024	51	20	12	83
Sep 2024	21	12	1	34
Oct 2024	36	9	4	49
Nov 2024	30	9	4	43
Dec 2024	76	38	27	141
Jan 2025	96	49	30	175
Feb 2025	91	36	31	158
Mar 2025	30	11	2	43
Apr 2025	43	22	3	68
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Jun 2025	54	20	1	75
Jul 2025	37	22	1	60
Aug 2025	62	23	2	87
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Oct 2025	40	30	0	70
Nov 2025	56	28	3	87
Dec 2025	57	29	3	89
Jan 2026	60	29	7	96
Feb 2026	43	12	4	59
Mar 2026	51	27	5	83
Apr 2026	10	8	2	20

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 03 Jul 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jul 2014	204	144	2	350
Aug 2014	41	32	10	83
Sep 2014	21	21	7	49
Oct 2014	19	13	1	33
Nov 2014	23	12	5	40
Dec 2014	104	103	3	210
Jan 2015	53	51	1	105
Feb 2015	25	16	2	43
Mar 2015	29	15	4	48
Apr 2015	41	11	10	62
May 2015	21	20	11	52
Jun 2015	35	6	4	45
Jul 2015	31	20	3	54
Aug 2015	14	17	4	35
Sep 2015	16	14	2	32
Oct 2015	29	9	12	50
Nov 2015	37	21	6	64
Dec 2015	8	19	2	29
Jan 2016	34	17	5	56
Feb 2016	28	7	1	36
Mar 2016	24	12	0	36
Apr 2016	5	2	1	8
May 2016	15	7	1	23
Jun 2016	7	7	1	15
Jul 2016	12	2	3	17
Aug 2016	10	8	0	18
Sep 2016	11	6	0	17
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Nov 2016	7	5	0	12
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Feb 2017	17	15	2	34
Mar 2017	22	10	8	40
Apr 2017	23	12	5	40
May 2017	31	7	6	44
Jun 2017	23	13	6	42
Jul 2017	17	5	4	26
Aug 2017	14	24	2	40
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Oct 2017	8	13	4	25
Nov 2017	15	16	3	34
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Nov 2022	18	6	1	25
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Jan 2023	16	13	0	29
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Mar 2023	15	12	2	29
Apr 2023	11	13	0	24
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Jun 2023	40	4	1	45
Jul 2023	50	6	2	58
Aug 2023	40	8	1	49
Sep 2023	47	7	0	54
Oct 2023	47	8	3	58
Nov 2023	35	9	1	45
Dec 2023	51	13	3	67
Jan 2024	54	12	5	71
Feb 2024	57	19	11	87
Mar 2024	54	15	3	72
Apr 2024	53	13	5	71
May 2024	23	13	3	39
Jun 2024	17	6	1	24
Jul 2024	39	25	3	67
Aug 2024	51	20	12	83
Sep 2024	21	12	1	34
Oct 2024	36	9	4	49
Nov 2024	30	9	4	43
Dec 2024	76	38	27	141
Jan 2025	96	49	30	175
Feb 2025	91	36	31	158
Mar 2025	30	11	2	43
Apr 2025	43	22	3	68
May 2025	52	18	1	71
Jun 2025	54	20	1	75
Jul 2025	37	22	1	60
Aug 2025	62	23	2	87
Sep 2025	83	22	2	107
Oct 2025	40	30	0	70
Nov 2025	56	28	3	87
Dec 2025	57	29	3	89
Jan 2026	60	29	7	96
Feb 2026	43	12	4	59
Mar 2026	51	27	5	83
Apr 2026	10	8	2	20

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Short summary

We propose the existence of a daytime “tropical ring of atomic bromine” surrounding the tropics at a height between 15 and 19km. Our simulations show that VSL bromocarbons produce increases of 3pptv for inorganic bromine and 2pptv for organic bromine in the tropical TTL on an annual average, resulting in a total stratospheric bromine injection of 5pptv. This result suggests that the inorganic bromine injected into the stratosphere may be larger than that from VSL bromocarbons.