Articles | Volume 14, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10989-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10989-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Exploiting simultaneous observational constraints on mass and absorption to estimate the global direct radiative forcing of black carbon and brown carbon
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
C. L. Heald
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
D. A. Ridley
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
J. P. Schwarz
Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
J. R. Spackman
Physical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Science and Technology Corporation, Boulder, Colorado, USA
A. E. Perring
Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
A. D. Clarke
Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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