Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Electric Power Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA

Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA