Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3150, USA

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3150, USA

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

now at: Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangdong, 510308, China

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Institute für Energie- und Klimaforschung Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany

Institute für Energie- und Klimaforschung Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China

Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China

Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China