Articles | Volume 10, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11337-2010
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11337-2010
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
01 Dec 2010
Impact of biomass burning on ocean water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: eutrophication modeling
P. Sundarambal
Tropical Marine Science Institute, 14 Kent Ridge Road, National University of Singapore, 119223, Singapore
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
P. Tkalich
Tropical Marine Science Institute, 14 Kent Ridge Road, National University of Singapore, 119223, Singapore
R. Balasubramanian
Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
Singapore Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
Cited articles
Ambrose, B., Wool, T. A., and Martin, J. L.: The Water quality Analysis Simulation Program, WASP6, User Manual, US EPA, Athens, GA, 2001.
Andreae, M. O.: Biomass Burning in the Tropics: Impact on Environmental Quality and Global Climate, Popul. Dev. Rev., 16(Supp), 268–291, 1990.
Andreae, M. O., Browell, E. V., Garstang, M., Gregory, G. L., Harriss, R. C., Hill, G. F., Jacob, D. J., Pereira, M. C., Sachse, G. W., Setzer, A. W., Dias, P. L. S., Talbot, R. W., Torres, A. L., and Wofsy, S. C.: Biomass-burning emissions and associated haze layers over Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1509–1527, 1988.
Antia, N., Harrison, P., and Oliveira, L.: The role of dissolved organic nitrogen in phytoplankton nutrition, cell biology and ecology, Phycologia, 30, 1–89, 1991.
APHA: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st edn., American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation: Washington, DC, USA, 1368 pp., 2005.
ASEAN: ASEAN State of the Environment 1995, Association of South-East Asian Nations, Unpublished Draft report, 1995.
Azanza, R. V.: Harmful Algal Bloom Management Programs in Southeast Asia, in: Proceedings of IOC/WESTPAC International Scientific Symposium – Role of Ocean Sciences for Sustainable Development, Okinawa, Japan, 2–7 February, 1998, Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission Workshop Report, 148, UNESCO, 1998.
Azanza, R. V. and Taylor, F. J.: Are Pyrodinium blooms in the Southeast Asian region recurring and spreading? A view at the end of the millennium, Ambio, 30(6), 356–364, 2001.
Baker, A. R., Jickells, T. D., Biswas, K. F., Weston, K., and French, M.: Nutrients in atmospheric aerosol particles along the Atlantic Meridional Transect, Deep-Sea Res. II, 53, 1706–1719, 2006.
Balasubramanian, R., Victor, T., and Begum, R.: Impact of biomass burning on rainwater acidity and composition in Singapore, J. Geophys.Res., 104, 26881–26890, 1999.
Balasubramanian, R., Victor, T., and Chun, N.: Chemical and statistical analysis of precipitation in Singapore, Water Air Soil Pollut., 130, 451–456, 2001.
Beck, M. B. (Ed.): System analysis in water quality management, in: Proceedings of a Symposium sponsored by the IAWPRC Specialist Group, Oxford-Pergama press, London, UK, 30 June–2 July 1987, 13–63, 1987.
Brauer, M. and Hisham-Hashim, J.: Fires In Indonesia: Crisis And Reaction, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(17), 404A–407A, 1998.
Cornell, S., Rendell, A., and Jickells, T.: Atmospheric inputs of dissolved organic nitrogen to the oceans, Nature, 376, 243–246, 1995.
Chou, L. M.: Marine environmental issues of Southeast Asia: state and development, Hydrobiologia, 285, 139–150, 1994.
Chan, E. S., Tkalich, P., Gin, K. Y. H., and Obbard, J. P.: The physical oceanography of Singapore coastal waters and its implications for oil spills, in: The Environment in Asia Pacific Harbours, Chapter 23, edited by: Wolanski, E., Springer, The Netherlands, 393–412, 2006.
Crutzen, P. J. and Andreae, M. O.: Biomass burning in the tropics: impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles, Science, 250, 1669–1678, 1990.
Crutzen, P. J., Heidt, L. E., Krasnec, J. P., Pollock, W. H., and Seiler, W.: Biomass burning as a source of atmospheric gases CO, H2, N2O, NO, CH3Cl, COS, Nature, 282, 253–256, 1979.
De Leeuw, G., Spokes, L., Jickells, T. D., Skjoth, A. C., Hertel, O., Vignatic, E., Tamme, S., Schulze, M., Sorensen, L. L., Pedersen, B., Klein, L., and Schlunzen, K. H.: Atmospheric nitrogen inputs into the North Sea: effect on productivity, Cont. Shelf Res., 23, 1743–1755, 2003.
Ditmars, J. D.: Performance Evaluation of Surface Water Transport and Dispersion Models, J. Environ.l Eng.-ASCE, 113(EE8), 961–971, 1988.
Duce, R. A., Liss, P. S., Merrill, J. T., Atlas, E. L., Buat-Menard, P., Hicks, B. B., Miller, J. M., Prospero, J. M., Arimoto, R., Church, T. M., Ellis, W., Galloway, J. N., Hansen, L., Jickells, T. D., Knap, A. H., Reinhardt, K. H., Schneider, B., Soudine, A., Tokos, J. J., Tsunogai, S., Wollast, R., and Zhou, M.: The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 5, 193–259, 1991.
Duce, R. A., LaRoche, J., Altieri, K., Arrigo, K. R., Baker, A. R., Capone, D. G., Cornell, S., Dentener, F., Galloway, J., Ganeshram, R. S., Geider, R. J., Jickells, T., Kuypers, M. M., Langlois, R., Liss, P. S., Liu, S. M., Middelburg, J. J., Moore, C. M., Nickovic, S., Oschlies, A., Pedersen, T., Prospero, J., Schlitzer, R., Seitzinger, S., Sorensen, L. L., Uematsu, M., Ulloa, O., Voss, M., Ward, B., and Zamora, L.: Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean, Science, 320(5878), 893–897, 2008.
Galloway, J. N., Levy II, H., and Kasibhatla, P. S.: Year 2020: Consequences of population growth and development on deposition of oxidized nitrogen, Ambio, 23, 120–123, 1994.
Gin, K. Y. H., Lin, X., and Zhang, S.: Dynamics and size structure of phytoplankton in the coastal waters of Singapore, J. Plankton Res., 22, 1465–1484, 2000.
Gin, K. Y. H ., Holmes, M. J., Zhang, S., and Lin, X.: Phytoplankton structure in the tropical port waters of Singapore, in: The Environment in Asia Pacific Harbours, Chapter 21; edited by: Wolanski, E., Springer, The Netherlands, 347–375, 2006.
Herut, B., Krom, M. D., Pan, G., and Mortimer, R.: Atmospheric input of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Southeast Mediterranean: sources, fluxes, and possible impact, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 1683–1692, 1999.
Herut, B., Collier, R., and Krom, M.: The role of dust in supplying nitrogen and phosphorus to the Southeast Mediterranean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 870–878, 2002.
Hyer, E. J. and Chew, B. N.: Aerosol transport model evaluation of an extreme smoke episode in Southeast Asia, Atmos. Environ., 44(11), 1422–1427, 2010.
In, H.-J., Byun, D. W., Park, R. J., Moon, N.-K., Kim, S., and Zhong, S.: Impact of transboundary transport of carbonaceous aerosols on the regional air quality in the United States: A case study of the South American wildland fire of May 1998, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007544, 2007.
Jickells, T.: Atmospheric inputs of metals and nutrients to the oceans: Their magnitude and effects, Mar. Chem., 48, 199–214, 1995.
Jickells, T. D.: Nutrient biogeochemistry of the coastal zone, Science, 281, 217–222, 1998.
Karthikeyan, S., He, J., Sundarambal, P., Balasubramanian, R., and Burger, D.: Determination of total nitrogen in atmospheric wet and dry deposition samples, Talanta, 77(3), 979–984, 2009.
Krishnamurthy, A., Moore, J. K., Zender, C. S., and Luo, C.: Effects of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition on ocean biogeochemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 112, G02019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000334, 2007.
Krishnamurthy, A., Moore, J. K., Mahowald, N., Luo, C., Doney, S. C., Lindsay, K., and Zender, C. S.: Impacts of increasing anthropogenic soluble iron and nitrogen deposition on ocean biogeochemistry, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, GB3016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003440, 2009.
Krishnamurthy, A., Moore, J., Mahowald, N., Luo, C., and Zender, C.: Impacts of atmospheric nutrient inputs on marine biogeochemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 115(G1), 1–13, 2010.
Koe, L. C. C., Arellano Jr., A. F., and McGregor, J. L.: Investigating the haze transport from 1997 biomass burning in Southeast Asia: its impact upon Singapore, Atmos. Environ., 35, 2723–2734, 2001.
Kondo, Y., Morino, Y., Takegawa, N., Koike, M., Kita, K., Miyazaki, Y., Sachse, G. W., Vay, S. A., Avery, M. A., Flocke, F., Weinheimer, A. J., Eisele, F. L., Zondlo, M. A., Weber, R. J., Singh, H. B., Chen, G., Crawford, J., Blake, D. R., Fuelberg, H. E., Clarke, A. D., Talbot, R. W., Sandholm, S. T., Browell, E. V., Streets, D. G., and Liley, B.: Impacts of biomass burning in Southeast Asia on ozone and reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15S12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004203, 2004.
Kuhlbusch, T. A., Lobert, J. M., Crutzen, P. J., and Warneck, P.: Molecular nitrogen emissions from denitrification during biomass burning, Nature, 351, 6322, 135–137, 1991.
Lobert, J. M., Scharffe, D. H., Hao, W. M., and Crutzen, P. J.: Importance of biomass burning in the atmospheric budgets of nitrogen-containing gases, Nature, 346, 552–554, 1990.
Mahowald, N. M., Artaxo, P., Baker, A. R., Jickells, T. D., Okin, G. S., Randerson, J. T., and Townsend, A. R.: Impacts of biomass burning emissions and land use change on Amazonian atmospheric phosphorus cycling and deposition, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB4030, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002541, 2005.
Mahowald, N., Jickells, T. D., Baker, A. R., Artaxo, P., Benitez-Nelson, C. R., Bergametti, G., Bond, T. C., Chen, Y., Cohen, D. D., Herut, B., Kubilay, N., Losno, R., Maenhaut, C. L. W., McGee, K. A., Okin, G. S., Siefert, R. L., and Tsukuda, S.: Global distribution of atmospheric phosphorus sources, concentrations and deposition rates and anthropogenic impacts, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB4026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003240, 2008.
Markaki, Z., Oikonomou, K., Kocak, M., Kouvarakis, G., Chaniotaki, A., Kubilay, N., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Atmospheric deposition of inorganic phosphorus in the Levantine Basin, eastern Mediterranean: spatial and temporal variability and its role in seawater productivity, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48, 1557–1568, 2003.
Muraleedharan, T. R., Rajojevic, M., Waugh, A., and Caruana, A.: Chemical characteristics of haze in Brunei Darussalam during the 1998 episode, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2725–2731, 2000.
NEA: National Environment Agency, Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, Singapore, available at: http://app2.nea.gov.sg/images/Regional_PSI_for_2006.pdf, 2010.
Nixon, S. W.: Coastal marine eutrophication: A definition, social causes, and future concerns, Ophelia, 41, 199–219, 1995.
Owens, N. J. P., Galloway, J. N., and Duce, R. A.: Episodic atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the oligotrophic oceans, Nature, 357, 397–399, 1992.
Paerl, H. W.: Enhancement of marine primary productivity by nitrogen enriched acid rain, Nature, 315, 747–749, 1985.
Paerl, H. W.: Nuisance phytoplankton blooms in coastal, estuarine and inland waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 33, 823–847, 1988.
Paerl, H. W.: Coastal eutrophication in relation to atmospheric nitrogen deposition: Current perspectives, Ophelia, 41, 237–259, 1995.
Paerl, H. W.: Coastal eutrophication and harmful algal blooms importance of atmospheric deposition and groundwater as new nitrogen and other nutrient sources, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42(5/2), 1154–1165, 1997.
Paerl, H. W., Boynton, W. R., Dennis, R. L., Driscoll, C. T., Greening, H. S., Kremer, J. N., Rabalais, N. N., and Seitzinger, S. P.: Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen in coastal waters: biogeochemical and ecological implications, in: Nitrogen Loading in Coastal Water Bodies: An Atmospheric Perspective, Coastal and Estuarine Studies 57, edited by: Valigura, R. A., Alexander, R. B., Castro, M. S., Meyers, T. P., Paerl, H. W., Stacey, P. E., and Turner, R. E., AGU Press, Washington, DC, 11–52, 2000.
Pang, W. C. and Tkalich, P.: Modeling tidal and monsoon driven currents in the Singapore Strait, Singapore Maritime Port Journal, 151–162, 2003.
Pang, W. C. and Tkalich, P.: Semi-Implicit Sigma-Coordinate Hydrodynamic Model, in: Proceedings of 14th IAHR-APD Congress, Hong Kong, 15–18 December 2004.
Pang, W. C., Tkalich, P., and Chan, E. S.: Hydrodynamic forecast model for the Singapore Straits, in: Proceedings of the XXX IAHR Congress, Thessaloniki, Greece, 24–29 August 2003, 9–16, 2003.
Peierls, B. L. and Paerl, H. W.: The bioavailability of atmospheric organic nitrogen deposition to coastal phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1819–1880, 1997.
Prospero, J. M., Barrett, K., Church, T., Dentener, F., Duce, R. A., Galloway, J. N., Levy II, H., Moody, J., and Quinn, P.: Atmospheric deposition of nutrients to the North Atlantic Basin, Biogeochemistry, 35(1), 27–73, 1996.
Qadri, S. T.: Fire, smoke, and haze: The ASEAN response strategy, The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-Asian Development bank (ADB) joint publication, Metro Manila, Philippines, 246 pp., 2001.
See, S. W., Balasubramanian, R., and Wang, W.: A study of the physical, chemical and optical properties of ambient aerosol particles in Southeast Asia during hazy and non hazy days, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D10S08, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006180, 2006.
Selman, M., Greenhalgh, S., Diaz, R., and Sugg, Z.: Eutrophication and Hypoxia in Coastal Areas: A Global Assessment of the State of Knowledge, WRI Policy Note, Water Quality: Eutrophication and Hypoxia No. 1, Washington, DC 20002, 2008.
Smetacek, V., Bathmann, U., Nothig, E. M., and Scharek, R.: Coastal eutrophication: Causes and consequences, in: Ocean Margin processes in Global Change, edited by: Mantoura, R. C. F., Martin, J. M., and Wollast, R., John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 251–279, 1991.
Spokes, L., Jickells, T., Rendell, A., Schulz, M., Rebers, A., Dannecker, W., Krueger, O., Leermakers, M., and Baeyens, W.: High Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Events Over the North Sea, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 26, 698–703, 1993.
Spokes, L. J., Yeatman, S. G., Cornell, S. E., and Jickells, T. D.: Nitrogen deposition to the eastern Atlantic Ocean: The importance of south-easterly flow, Tellus, 52B, 37–49, 2000.
Sundarambal, P.: Estimation of the contribution of atmospheric deposition to coastal water eutrophication, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 2009.
Sundarambal, P. and Tkalich, P.: Assessment of accidental nutrient spills from ships into the Singapore marine environment, in: Proceedings of Asia Oceania Geosciences Society 2nd Meeting, Singapore, 20–24 June 2005, 2005.
Sundarambal, P. and Tkalich, P.: Numerical 3-D water quality model (NEUTRO) for eutrophication and pollutant transport, Mar. Environ. Res., in review, 2010.
Sundarambal, P., Balasubramanian, R., Karthikeyan S., and Tkalich, P.: Atmospheric deposition of nutrients and its role on coastal eutrophication in Southeast Asia, in: Advances in Geosciences, Vol. 9: Solid Earth, Ocean Science & Atmospheric Science, edited by: Chen, Y.-T., World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore, 149–166, 2006.
Sundarambal, P., Dao, M. H., and Tkalich, P.: Modeling of hydrodynamic and water quality processes in coastal zones, in: Proceedings of International Conference on Marine Problems and Specific Solutions (COMPASS) 2008, 15–18 June 2008, Maldives, 2008.
Sundarambal, P., Balasubramanian, R., and Tkalich, P.: Atmospheric fluxes of nutrients onto Singapore Strait, Water Sci. Technol., 59(11), 2287–2295, 2009.
Sundarambal, P., Tkalich, P., and Balasubramanian, R.: Modeling the effect of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on marine phytoplankton at the Singapore Strait, Water Sci. Technol., 61(4), 859–867, 2010a.
Sundarambal, P., Tkalich, P., and Balasubramanian, R.: Impact of biomass burning on surface water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: eutrophication modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 7779–7818, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-7779-2010, 2010b.\blackbox\bf will be updated by production office.
Tkalich, P. and Sudarambal, P.: Eutrophication modelling for the Singapore waters, Singapore Maritime and Port Journal, 122–136, 2003.
Tkalich, P., Pang, W. C., and Sundarambal, P.: Hydrodynamics and eutrophication modelling for Singapore Straits, in: Proceedings of 7th Workshop on Ocean Models for the APEC Region (WOM-7), Singapore, 5-1–5-9, 2002.
UNEP: Chia, L. S. and Kirkman H.: Overview of Land-Based Sources and Activities Affecting the Marine Environment in the East Asian Seas, UNEP/GPA Coordination Office & EAS/RCU, Regional Seas Report and Studies Series, 74 pp., 2000.
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and WHRC (The Woods Hole Research Center): Reactive Nitrogen in the Environment: Too Much or Too Little of a Good Thing, UNEP, Paris, 51 pp., 2007.
Van Dolah, F. M., Roelke, D., and Greene, R. M.: Health and ecological impacts of harmful algal blooms: Risk assessment needs, Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess., 7, 1329–1345, 2001.
Vitousek, P. M., Aber, J. D., Howarth, R. W., Likens, G. E., Matson, P. A., Schindler, D. W., Schlesinger, W. H., and Tilman, D. G.: Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences, Ecol. Appl., 7, 737–750, 1997.
Wang, Y., Field, R. D., and Roswintiarti, O.: Trends in atmospheric haze induced by peat fires in Sumatra Island, Indonesia and El Niño phenomenon from 1973 to 2003, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L04103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018853, 2004.
Watson, R. T., Moss, R. H., and Zinyowera, M. C. (Eds.): The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1998.
Zamora, L. M., Landolfi, A., Oschlies, A., Hansell, D. A., Dietze, H., and Dentener, F.: Atmospheric deposition of nutrients and excess N formation in the North Atlantic, Biogeosciences, 7, 777–793, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-777-2010, 2010.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint