the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Carbon monoxide observations from ground stations in France and Europe and long trends in the free troposphere
Abstract. Continuous CO measurements performed at 3 high-altitude stations in France are analyzed for the first time. Data are provided by the new PAES (Pollution Atmospherique à l'Echelle Synoptique) network since 2002 for the Puy de Dôme and 2004 for the Pic du Midi and the Donon. CO measurements of 5 another European stations have been analysed to put the PAES stations in an European perspective. The January 2002–April 2005 CO mean levels of surface stations capture the stratification revealed by climatological CO profiles from the airborne observation system MOZAIC (Measurement of OZone and water vapour by Airbus In-service Aircraft). The deviation between the free tropospheric reference MOZAIC and surface data above 2000 m is less than 10% and this deviation can be explained in term of spatial variability, as evidenced by MOPITT CO retrievals at 700 hPa. This suggests that, averaged at a seasonal time scale (4 months), surface data at stations above 2000 m are representative of background CO concentration.
This paper focuses then on trends since the 1980s–1990s. The comparison between old (1982–1983) and recent CO mixing ratio (2005) at the Pic du Midi leads to a 10% decrease, consistent with the continuous data series at Zugspitze (ZSP) from 1991 to 2004. This decrease was found to be mainly due to a negative trend of January–April mean levels. The decrease in CO sources over France and Europe appears to be responsible for that trend. The stable values of June–September mean levels suggest that the summertime oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere related to OH radicals is important enough to counterbalance any CO inputs into the troposphere. Our study shows a recent change in CO evolution since 2000 over Western Europe, with a slowed down decrease in CO concentration. Studying specifically the interactions between CO, CH4 and OH turns out to be needed, however, to find definitive explanations to those observations.
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Interactive discussion
- RC S381: 'Review to Chevalier et al.', Anonymous Referee #1, 25 Feb 2008
- EC S921: 'Editor's comments', Owen Cooper, 24 Mar 2008
-
RC S1228: 'Review of Chevalier et al.', Anonymous Referee #2, 02 Apr 2008
- AC S11075: 'Response to Anonymous Referee #2', François GHEUSI, 10 Feb 2009
- AC S11068: 'Response to the Editor', François GHEUSI, 10 Feb 2009
- AC S11072: 'Response to Anonymous Referee #1', François GHEUSI, 10 Feb 2009
Interactive discussion
- RC S381: 'Review to Chevalier et al.', Anonymous Referee #1, 25 Feb 2008
- EC S921: 'Editor's comments', Owen Cooper, 24 Mar 2008
-
RC S1228: 'Review of Chevalier et al.', Anonymous Referee #2, 02 Apr 2008
- AC S11075: 'Response to Anonymous Referee #2', François GHEUSI, 10 Feb 2009
- AC S11068: 'Response to the Editor', François GHEUSI, 10 Feb 2009
- AC S11072: 'Response to Anonymous Referee #1', François GHEUSI, 10 Feb 2009
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Cited
6 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Inter-comparison of four different carbon monoxide measurement techniques and evaluation of the long-term carbon monoxide time series of Jungfraujoch C. Zellweger et al. 10.5194/acp-9-3491-2009
- Influence of biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions on ozone, carbon monoxide and black carbon at the Mt. Cimone GAW-WMO global station (Italy, 2165 m a.s.l.) P. Cristofanelli et al. 10.5194/acp-13-15-2013
- Diurnal, seasonal, and annual trends in tropospheric CO in Southwest London during 2000–2015: Wind sector analysis and comparisons with urban and remote sites I. Hernández-Paniagua et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.01.027
- Land-use influences the distribution and activity of high affinity CO-oxidizing bacteria associated to type I-coxL genotype in soil L. Quiza et al. 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00271
- Pic 2005, a field campaign to investigate low-tropospheric ozone variability in the Pyrenees F. Gheusi et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.04.014