Cn to ccn relationships and cloud microphysical properties in different air masses at a free tropospheric site

Abstract. The fraction of aerosol particles activated to droplets (CCN) is often derived from semi-empirical relationships that commonly tend to overestimate droplet number concentration leading to major uncertainties in global climate models. One of the difficulties in relating aerosol concentration to cloud microphysics and cloud albedo lies in the necessity of working at a constant liquid water path (LWP), which is very difficult to control.

In this study we observed the relationships between aerosol number concentration (N_CN), cloud droplet concentration (N_d) and effective radius (R_eff), at the Puy de Dôme (France). A total of 20 cloud events were sampled representing a period of more than 250 h of cloud sampling. Samples are classified first according to air mass origins (Modified Marine, Continental and Polluted) and then according to their liquid water content (Thin, Medium and Thick clouds).

The CCN fraction of aerosols appears to vary significantly according to the air mass origin. It is maximum for Continental air masses and minimum for Polluted air masses. Surprisingly, the CCN fraction of Modified Marine air masses fraction is lower than the continental air mass and from expected from previous studies. The limited number of activated particles in Modified Marine air masses is most likely the result of the presence of hydrophobic organic compounds. The limited activation effect leads to a 0.5 to 1 μm increase in R_eff with respect to an ideal Marine case. This is significant and implies that the dR_eff/dN_CN of low-continental clouds is higher than expected.