Modeling organic aerosol composition at the puy de Dôme mountain (France) for two contrasted air masses with the WRF-Chem model

Abstract. Simulations with the chemistry-transport model WRF-Chem are compared to aerosol measurements performed at the puy de Dôme station with a compact Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS) for two episodes in autumn 2008 and in summer 2010. The WRF-Chem model is used with the Volatility Basis Set (VBS) approach dedicated to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The model systematically underestimates the observed concentrations of organic aerosol (OA), with significant differences observed for the summer case. For this event, where high OA concentrations were observed (12.5 μg m^-3 in average), simulated OA mass concentration is 2.0 μg m^-3. For the autumn event, observed OA concentrations reached 2.6 μg m^-3. The simulated concentrations reached only 0.6 μg m^-3.

During the summer event, several gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured and were used to test the robustness of both emission/dry deposition and SOA formation processes. The concentrations of VOCs, and more specifically the anthropogenic ones, calculated by the model are estimated to be much lower than the observed ones. Hence, the emissions of all SOA precursors are multiplied by 2 in the model: this induces an increase of the mean OA mass concentration of 25% (+0.5 μg m^-3) and 18% (+0.4 μg m^-3), respectively for anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs. The dry deposition of gas-phase organic condensable vapours (OCVs) is also critical to predict the SOA mass concentrations: dividing the deposition factor by 2 leads to an increase of OA mass by an additional 12% (+0.2 μg m^-3). However, these increases were not sufficient to explain the observed OA concentration, and the underestimation of the OA concentration levels seems to be principally related to a lack in the parameterization of SOA formation. Changing the oxidation rate of OCVs from 1.0 × 10^-11 to 4.0 × 10^-11 cm³ molecule⁻¹ s^-1, doubling the SOA yields for anthropogenic VOCs and finally doubling the SOA yields for biogenic VOCs results in an increase of the mean OA mass concentration by 56% (+1.1 μg m^-3), 61% (+1.2 μg m^-3) and 40% (+0.8 μg m^-3), respectively. The consideration of both emission/dry deposition and SOA formation processes tests lead to a mean OA mass concentration of 10.7 μg m^-3 for 2010, a value that is close to the observations. For 2008, modifying solely the oxidation rate of OCVs and the SOA yields is sufficient to reproduce the observed level of mean OA mass (a mass of 2.4 μg m^-3 is obtained by the model whereas a mass of 2.6 μg m^-3 was observed).