N. A. Saliba , S. G. Moussa , and G. El Tayyar
HONO is a major precursor for OH radicals in early mornings. Its formation has been mainly attributed to the heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 on surfaces such as soot, glass, mineral oxides and aerosol surfaces. In particular, dust events which are loaded with mineral oxide aerosols have been associated with higher HONO concentrations in the gas phase. In order to understand the mechanism of reactions related to this process, samples during dusty and non-dusty days were collected between October 2009 and April 2011. Based on HYSPLIT backward trajectories, data were divided between wind trajectories originating from Arabian or African deserts. In this study an increase of HONO levels was observed during dusty days. The increase in the acidic gas concentrations was accompanied by an increase in the PM nitrate and sulfate ion concentrations. During high relative humidity (African dusty days), it is proposed that the mechanism of NO2 hydrolysis predominates whereas during Arabian dusty days, where the air is relatively dry, a synergistic mechanism of adsorption and reaction between NO2 and SO2 on dust particles to produce HONO and sulfate in the particle phase is suggested. This study implies that the NOx reactivity on mineral oxide surfaces leads to a higher mixing level of OH. An increase in the sulfate forming capacity could account for the underestimation of sulfates in aerosols when the reactive uptake of SO2 alone is considered.
Received: 09 Jan 2014 – Discussion started: 21 Feb 2014
N. A. Saliba , S. G. Moussa , and G. El Tayyar
Status: closed
Status: closed
AC : Author comment | RC : Referee comment | SC : Short comment | EC : Editor comment
- Printer-friendly version
- Supplement
Status: closed
Status: closed
AC : Author comment | RC : Referee comment | SC : Short comment | EC : Editor comment
- Printer-friendly version
- Supplement
N. A. Saliba , S. G. Moussa , and G. El Tayyar
N. A. Saliba , S. G. Moussa , and G. El Tayyar
Viewed
Total article views: 2,033 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
BibTeX
EndNote
1,397
485
151
2,033
112
113
HTML: 1,397
PDF: 485
XML: 151
Total: 2,033
BibTeX: 112
EndNote: 113
Views and downloads (calculated since 21 Feb 2014)
Month
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Feb 2014
100
75
0
175
Mar 2014
30
53
3
86
Apr 2014
22
28
2
52
May 2014
12
24
1
37
Jun 2014
11
13
2
26
Jul 2014
6
10
1
17
Aug 2014
14
10
2
26
Sep 2014
11
9
3
23
Oct 2014
5
4
2
11
Nov 2014
4
7
1
12
Dec 2014
17
13
2
32
Jan 2015
6
8
0
14
Feb 2015
11
3
3
17
Mar 2015
8
6
0
14
Apr 2015
10
2
0
12
May 2015
3
0
3
Jun 2015
8
2
3
13
Jul 2015
10
2
1
13
Aug 2015
7
1
3
11
Sep 2015
3
19
22
Oct 2015
8
2
1
11
Nov 2015
10
9
5
24
Dec 2015
1
6
7
Jan 2016
20
11
2
33
Feb 2016
13
2
15
Mar 2016
8
1
0
9
Apr 2016
3
2
0
5
May 2016
4
2
0
6
Jun 2016
3
1
4
Jul 2016
5
5
0
10
Aug 2016
4
4
1
9
Sep 2016
4
0
4
Oct 2016
8
4
12
Nov 2016
5
1
5
11
Dec 2016
2
0
2
Jan 2017
8
1
2
11
Feb 2017
15
1
2
18
Mar 2017
24
3
6
33
Apr 2017
27
6
6
39
May 2017
34
4
38
Jun 2017
29
1
3
33
Jul 2017
7
1
0
8
Aug 2017
2
3
0
5
Sep 2017
7
0
7
Oct 2017
2
1
0
3
Nov 2017
4
0
4
Dec 2017
9
1
0
10
Jan 2018
5
0
5
Feb 2018
4
1
5
Mar 2018
7
1
0
8
Apr 2018
7
2
0
9
May 2018
11
3
0
14
Jun 2018
5
1
1
7
Jul 2018
6
3
0
9
Aug 2018
9
5
2
16
Sep 2018
7
5
0
12
Oct 2018
4
1
0
5
Nov 2018
9
3
0
12
Dec 2018
5
2
0
7
Jan 2019
5
6
0
11
Feb 2019
1
1
0
2
Mar 2019
4
3
0
7
Apr 2019
8
3
0
11
May 2019
7
2
0
9
Jun 2019
5
1
1
7
Jul 2019
5
2
1
8
Aug 2019
4
0
4
Sep 2019
2
0
2
Oct 2019
5
2
1
8
Nov 2019
2
0
2
Dec 2019
3
1
0
4
Jan 2020
8
1
0
9
Feb 2020
3
2
1
6
Mar 2020
1
1
1
3
Apr 2020
3
0
3
May 2020
5
0
5
Jun 2020
10
0
10
Jul 2020
9
3
5
17
Aug 2020
10
1
3
14
Sep 2020
2
3
5
Oct 2020
1
2
1
4
Nov 2020
5
3
1
9
Dec 2020
9
4
2
15
Jan 2021
7
1
3
11
Feb 2021
6
2
1
9
Mar 2021
2
2
4
Apr 2021
10
3
0
13
May 2021
10
2
0
12
Jun 2021
9
1
3
13
Jul 2021
6
1
7
Aug 2021
12
2
0
14
Sep 2021
14
3
0
17
Oct 2021
13
2
1
16
Nov 2021
12
6
0
18
Dec 2021
9
2
1
12
Jan 2022
9
2
0
11
Feb 2022
6
0
6
Mar 2022
6
1
0
7
Apr 2022
7
1
0
8
May 2022
4
2
0
6
Jun 2022
1
0
1
Jul 2022
1
0
1
Aug 2022
6
2
0
8
Sep 2022
10
2
0
12
Oct 2022
8
4
0
12
Nov 2022
15
4
0
19
Dec 2022
14
3
0
17
Jan 2023
33
6
1
40
Feb 2023
32
7
1
40
Mar 2023
41
0
41
Apr 2023
35
3
0
38
May 2023
32
4
0
36
Jun 2023
32
1
0
33
Jul 2023
32
1
2
35
Aug 2023
30
6
2
38
Sep 2023
23
4
1
28
Oct 2023
29
2
31
Nov 2023
20
1
3
24
Dec 2023
14
3
0
17
Jan 2024
13
1
14
Feb 2024
19
2
0
21
Mar 2024
36
2
2
40
Apr 2024
26
4
2
32
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 21 Feb 2014)
Month
HTML views
PDF downloads
XML downloads
Feb 2014
100
75
0
Mar 2014
130
128
3
Apr 2014
152
156
5
May 2014
164
180
6
Jun 2014
175
193
8
Jul 2014
181
203
9
Aug 2014
195
213
11
Sep 2014
206
222
14
Oct 2014
211
226
16
Nov 2014
215
233
17
Dec 2014
232
246
19
Jan 2015
238
254
19
Feb 2015
249
257
22
Mar 2015
257
263
22
Apr 2015
267
265
22
May 2015
270
265
22
Jun 2015
278
267
25
Jul 2015
288
269
26
Aug 2015
295
270
29
Sep 2015
295
273
48
Oct 2015
303
275
49
Nov 2015
313
284
54
Dec 2015
314
284
60
Jan 2016
334
295
62
Feb 2016
347
295
64
Mar 2016
355
296
64
Apr 2016
358
298
64
May 2016
362
300
64
Jun 2016
365
300
65
Jul 2016
370
305
65
Aug 2016
374
309
66
Sep 2016
378
309
66
Oct 2016
386
309
70
Nov 2016
391
310
75
Dec 2016
391
312
75
Jan 2017
399
313
77
Feb 2017
414
314
79
Mar 2017
438
317
85
Apr 2017
465
323
91
May 2017
499
323
95
Jun 2017
528
324
98
Jul 2017
535
325
98
Aug 2017
537
328
98
Sep 2017
544
328
98
Oct 2017
546
329
98
Nov 2017
550
329
98
Dec 2017
559
330
98
Jan 2018
564
330
98
Feb 2018
568
330
99
Mar 2018
575
331
99
Apr 2018
582
333
99
May 2018
593
336
99
Jun 2018
598
337
100
Jul 2018
604
340
100
Aug 2018
613
345
102
Sep 2018
620
350
102
Oct 2018
624
351
102
Nov 2018
633
354
102
Dec 2018
638
356
102
Jan 2019
643
362
102
Feb 2019
644
363
102
Mar 2019
648
366
102
Apr 2019
656
369
102
May 2019
663
371
102
Jun 2019
668
372
103
Jul 2019
673
374
104
Aug 2019
677
374
104
Sep 2019
679
374
104
Oct 2019
684
376
105
Nov 2019
686
376
105
Dec 2019
689
377
105
Jan 2020
697
378
105
Feb 2020
700
380
106
Mar 2020
701
381
107
Apr 2020
704
381
107
May 2020
709
381
107
Jun 2020
719
381
107
Jul 2020
728
384
112
Aug 2020
738
385
115
Sep 2020
740
385
118
Oct 2020
741
387
119
Nov 2020
746
390
120
Dec 2020
755
394
122
Jan 2021
762
395
125
Feb 2021
768
397
126
Mar 2021
770
397
128
Apr 2021
780
400
128
May 2021
790
402
128
Jun 2021
799
403
131
Jul 2021
805
403
132
Aug 2021
817
405
132
Sep 2021
831
408
132
Oct 2021
844
410
133
Nov 2021
856
416
133
Dec 2021
865
418
134
Jan 2022
874
420
134
Feb 2022
880
420
134
Mar 2022
886
421
134
Apr 2022
893
422
134
May 2022
897
424
134
Jun 2022
897
425
134
Jul 2022
897
426
134
Aug 2022
903
428
134
Sep 2022
913
430
134
Oct 2022
921
434
134
Nov 2022
936
438
134
Dec 2022
950
441
134
Jan 2023
983
447
135
Feb 2023
1,015
454
136
Mar 2023
1,056
454
136
Apr 2023
1,091
457
136
May 2023
1,123
461
136
Jun 2023
1,155
462
136
Jul 2023
1,187
463
138
Aug 2023
1,217
469
140
Sep 2023
1,240
473
141
Oct 2023
1,269
473
143
Nov 2023
1,289
474
146
Dec 2023
1,303
477
146
Jan 2024
1,316
477
147
Feb 2024
1,335
479
147
Mar 2024
1,371
481
149
Apr 2024
1,397
485
151
Cited
Saved
Latest update: 20 Apr 2024