the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network
Francesca Sprovieri
Nicola Pirrone
Mariantonia Bencardino
Francesco D'Amore
Francesco Carbone
Sergio Cinnirella
Valentino Mannarino
Matthew Landis
Ralf Ebinghaus
Andreas Weigelt
Ernst-Günther Brunke
Casper Labuschagne
Lynwill Martin
John Munthe
Ingvar Wängberg
Paulo Artaxo
Fernando Morais
Henrique de Melo Jorge Barbosa
Joel Brito
Warren Cairns
Carlo Barbante
María del Carmen Diéguez
Patricia Elizabeth Garcia
Aurélien Dommergue
Helene Angot
Olivier Magand
Henrik Skov
Milena Horvat
Jože Kotnik
Katie Alana Read
Luis Mendes Neves
Bernd Manfred Gawlik
Fabrizio Sena
Nikolay Mashyanov
Vladimir Obolkin
Dennis Wip
Xin Bin Feng
Hui Zhang
Ramesh Ramachandran
Daniel Cossa
Joël Knoery
Nicolas Marusczak
Michelle Nerentorp
Claus Norstrom
Abstract. Long-term monitoring of data of ambient mercury (Hg) on a global scale to assess its emission, transport, atmospheric chemistry, and deposition processes is vital to understanding the impact of Hg pollution on the environment. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project was funded by the European Commission (http://www.gmos.eu) and started in November 2010 with the overall goal to develop a coordinated global observing system to monitor Hg on a global scale, including a large network of ground-based monitoring stations, ad hoc periodic oceanographic cruises and measurement flights in the lower and upper troposphere as well as in the lower stratosphere. To date, more than 40 ground-based monitoring sites constitute the global network covering many regions where little to no observational data were available before GMOS. This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded worldwide in the framework of the GMOS project (2010–2015), analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. Major findings highlighted in this paper include a clear gradient of Hg concentrations between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, confirming that the gradient observed is mostly driven by local and regional sources, which can be anthropogenic, natural or a combination of both.
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