Impact of transported background ozone inflow on summertime air quality in a California ozone exceedance area

Abstract. Ozone sondes launched from Trinidad Head, California provide a measure of background O₃ transported ashore, and allow an evaluation of the impact of this transport on air quality in California's Northern Sacramento Valley. A strong summertime vertical O₃ gradient and correlation analysis indicate that O₃-rich air from above the marine boundary layer is transported to the surface. Surface O₃ is found to increase proportionally to the transported background. At the surface site experiencing the highest O₃ concentrations, the mean maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O₃ on exceedance days (i.e. those days when MDA8 O₃ exceeds 75 ppbv) is 20 ppbv higher than on non-exceedance days. The transported background O₃, as measured 22 h earlier by the Trinidad Head sondes, accounts for more than half (11 ppbv) of this difference. This finding contrasts with conclusions from model calculations that indicate the US policy relevant O₃ background is generally 15–35 ppbv, and that it is lower, rather than higher, during pollution episodes. The present work indicates that O₃ transported on hemispheric scales substantially impacts air quality in some areas of the US.