22 Oct 2020
22 Oct 2020
Effect of volcanic emissions on clouds during the 2008 and 2018 Kilauea degassing events
- 1NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- 2Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
- 3Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology. University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA
- 4Baylor University, Departments of Geosciences and Mechanical Engineering, Waco, TX, USA
- 1NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- 2Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
- 3Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology. University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA
- 4Baylor University, Departments of Geosciences and Mechanical Engineering, Waco, TX, USA
Abstract. Aerosol emissions from volcanic eruptions in otherwise clean environments are regarded as natural experiments
where the aerosol effects on clouds and climate can be partitioned from other effects like meteorology and anthropogenic emissions. In this work, we combined satellite retrievals, reanalysis products, and atmospheric modeling to analyze the mechanism of aerosol-cloud interactions during two degassing events at the Kilauea Volcano in 2008 and 2018. The eruptive nature of the 2008 and 2018 degassing events was distinct from long-term volcanic activity for Kilauea. For both events, we performed a comprehensive investigation on the effects of aerosol emissions on macro and microphysical cloud processes for both liquid and ice clouds. This is the first time such an analysis has been reported for the 2018 event. Similarities between both events suggested that aerosol-cloud interactions related to the cloud albedo modification were likely decoupled from local meteorology. In both events the ingestion of aerosols within convective parcels enhanced the detrainment of condensate in the upper troposphere resulting in deeper clouds than in pristine conditions. Accounting for ice nucleation on ash particles led to enhanced ice crystal concentrations at cirrus levels and a slight decrease in ice water content, improving the correlation of the model results with the satellite retrievals. Overall, aerosol loading, plume characteristics, and meteorology contributed to observed and simulated changes in clouds during the Kilauea degassing events.
Katherine H. Breen et al.
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RC1: 'Review of acp-2020-979', Anonymous Referee #1, 13 Nov 2020
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AC6: 'Reply on RC1', Katherine Breen, 29 Jan 2021
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AC6: 'Reply on RC1', Katherine Breen, 29 Jan 2021
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RC2: 'Review of acp-2020-979', Anonymous Referee #2, 17 Nov 2020
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Katherine Breen, 29 Jan 2021
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Katherine Breen, 29 Jan 2021
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SC1: 'A key reference needs changing', Allan Lerner, 10 Dec 2020
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SC2: 'The effect of lava-ocean interactions and SO2 emissions', Allan Lerner, 10 Dec 2020
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AC3: 'Reply on SC2', Katherine Breen, 29 Jan 2021
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AC3: 'Reply on SC2', Katherine Breen, 29 Jan 2021
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AC4: 'Reply on SC1', Katherine Breen, 29 Jan 2021
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SC2: 'The effect of lava-ocean interactions and SO2 emissions', Allan Lerner, 10 Dec 2020
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SC3: 'Current understanding of gas emissions associated with the 2008 and 2018 Kilauea eruptions', Christoph Kern, 11 Dec 2020
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AC5: 'Reply on SC3', Katherine Breen, 29 Jan 2021
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AC5: 'Reply on SC3', Katherine Breen, 29 Jan 2021
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Katherine Breen, 29 Jan 2021
Katherine H. Breen et al.
Katherine H. Breen et al.
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