Anthropogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols Contribute Substantially to Air Pollution Mortality

Nault, Benjamin A.; Jo, Duseong S.; McDonald, Brian C.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Hu, Weiwei; Schroder, Jason C.; Allan, James; Blake, Donald R.; Canagaratna, Manjula R.; Coe, Hugh; Coggon, Matthew M.; DeCarlo, Peter F.; Diskin, Glenn S.; Dunmore, Rachel; Flocke, Frank; Fried, Alan; Gilman, Jessica B.; Gkatzelis, Georgios; Hamilton, Jacqui F.; Hanisco, Thomas F.; Hayes, Patrick L.; Henze, Daven K.; Hodzic, Alma; Hopkins, James; Hu, Min; Huey, L. Greggory; Jobson, B. Thomas; Kuster, William C.; Lewis, Alastair; Li, Meng; Liao, Jin; Nawaz, M. Omar; Pollack, Ilana B.; Peischl, Jeffrey; Rappenglück, Bernhard; Reeves, Claire E.; Richter, Dirk; Roberts, James M.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Shao, Min; Sommers, Jacob M.; Walega, James; Warneke, Carsten; Weibring, Petter; Wolfe, Glenn M.; Young, Dominique E.; Yuan, Bin; Zhang, Qiang; de Gouw, Joost A.; Jimenez, Jose L.

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-914

Benjamin A. Nault^1,2,a, Duseong S. Jo^1,2, Brian C. McDonald^2,3, Pedro Campuzano-Jost^1,2, Douglas A. Day^1,2, Weiwei Hu^1,2,b, Jason C. Schroder^1,2,c, James Allan^4,5, Donald R. Blake⁶, Manjula R. Canagaratna⁷, Hugh Coe⁵, Matthew M. Coggon^2,3, Peter F. DeCarlo⁸, Glenn S. Diskin⁹, Rachel Dunmore¹⁰, Frank Flocke¹¹, Alan Fried¹², Jessica B. Gilman³, Georgios Gkatzelis^2,3, Jacqui F. Hamilton¹⁰, Thomas F. Hanisco¹³, Patrick L. Hayes¹⁴, Daven K. Henze¹⁵, Alma Hodzic^11,16, James Hopkins^10,17, Min Hu¹⁸, L. Greggory Huey¹⁹, B. Thomas Jobson²⁰, William C. Kuster^3,, Alastair Lewis^10,17, Meng Li^2,3, Jin Liao^13,21, M. Omar Nawaz¹⁵, Ilana B. Pollack²², Jeffrey Peischl^2,3, Bernhard Rappenglück²³, Claire E. Reeves²⁴, Dirk Richter¹², James M. Roberts³, Thomas B. Ryerson³, Min Shao²⁵, Jacob M. Sommers^14,26, James Walega¹², Carsten Warneke^2,3, Petter Weibring¹², Glenn M. Wolfe^13,27, Dominique E. Young^5,d, Bin Yuan²⁵, Qiang Zhang²⁸, Joost A. de Gouw^1,2, and Jose L. Jimenez^1,2 Benjamin A. Nault et al.

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¹Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
²Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
³Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
⁴National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
⁵Centre of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
⁶Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
⁷Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
⁸Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
⁹NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
¹⁰Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
¹¹Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
¹²Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
¹³Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamic Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
¹⁴Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
¹⁵Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
¹⁶Laboratoires d’Aréologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
¹⁷National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
¹⁸State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
¹⁹School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
²⁰Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
²¹Universities Space Research Association, GESTAR, Columbia, MD, USA
²²Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
²³Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
²⁴Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
²⁵Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
²⁶Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
²⁷Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
²⁸Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
^anow at: Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
^bnow at: State Key Laboratory at Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
^cnow at: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
^dnow at: Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
retired

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
²Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
³Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
⁴National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
⁵Centre of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
⁶Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
⁷Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
⁸Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
⁹NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
¹⁰Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
¹¹Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
¹²Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
¹³Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamic Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
¹⁴Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
¹⁵Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
¹⁶Laboratoires d’Aréologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
¹⁷National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
¹⁸State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
¹⁹School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
²⁰Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
²¹Universities Space Research Association, GESTAR, Columbia, MD, USA
²²Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
²³Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
²⁴Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
²⁵Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
²⁶Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
²⁷Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
²⁸Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
^anow at: Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
^bnow at: State Key Laboratory at Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
^cnow at: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
^dnow at: Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
retired

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Received: 30 Aug 2020 – Accepted for review: 08 Nov 2020 – Discussion started: 11 Nov 2020

Abstract. Anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (ASOA), formed from anthropogenic emissions of organic compounds, constitutes a substantial fraction of the mass of submicron aerosol in populated areas around the world and contributes to poor air quality and premature mortality. However, the precursor sources of ASOA are poorly understood, and there are large uncertainties in the health benefits that might accrue from reducing anthropogenic organic emissions. We show that the production of ASOA in 11 urban areas on three continents is strongly correlated with the anthropogenic reactivity of specific volatile organic compounds. The differences in ASOA production across different cities can be explained by differences in the emissions of aromatics and intermediate- and semi-volatile organic compounds, indicating the importance of controlling these ASOA precursors. With an improved modeling representation of ASOA driven by the observations, we attribute 340,000 PM_2.5 premature deaths per year to ASOA, which is over an order of magnitude higher than prior studies. A sensitivity case with a more recently proposed model for attributing mortality to PM_2.5 (the Global Exposure Mortality Model) results up to 900,000 deaths. A limitation of this study is the extrapolation from regions with detailed data to others where data is not available. Comprehensive air quality campaigns in the countries in South and Central America, Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East are needed for further progress in this area.

How to cite. Nault, B. A., Jo, D. S., McDonald, B. C., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Hu, W., Schroder, J. C., Allan, J., Blake, D. R., Canagaratna, M. R., Coe, H., Coggon, M. M., DeCarlo, P. F., Diskin, G. S., Dunmore, R., Flocke, F., Fried, A., Gilman, J. B., Gkatzelis, G., Hamilton, J. F., Hanisco, T. F., Hayes, P. L., Henze, D. K., Hodzic, A., Hopkins, J., Hu, M., Huey, L. G., Jobson, B. T., Kuster, W. C., Lewis, A., Li, M., Liao, J., Nawaz, M. O., Pollack, I. B., Peischl, J., Rappenglück, B., Reeves, C. E., Richter, D., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., Shao, M., Sommers, J. M., Walega, J., Warneke, C., Weibring, P., Wolfe, G. M., Young, D. E., Yuan, B., Zhang, Q., de Gouw, J. A., and Jimenez, J. L.: Anthropogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols Contribute Substantially to Air Pollution Mortality, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-914, in review, 2020.

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