Fluxes, patterns and sources of phosphorus deposition in an urban-rural transition region in Southwest China
- 1College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- 2State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, P.R. China
- 3College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- 4Chongzhou Meteorological Bureau, Chengdu 611230, P.R. China
- 1College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- 2State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, P.R. China
- 3College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- 4Chongzhou Meteorological Bureau, Chengdu 611230, P.R. China
Abstract. Understanding the patterns of atmospheric phosphorus (P) deposition is essential for assessing the global P biogeochemical cycle. The atmospheric phosphorus (P) is an essential source of P in agricultural activities as well as eutrophication in waters; however, the information on P deposition is relatively less paid attention, especially in the anthropogenic influencing region. Therefore, this study chose a typical urban-rural transition as a representative to monitor the dry and wet P depositions for two years. The results showed that the fluxes of atmospheric total P deposition (ATD) ranged from 0.50 to 1.06 kg P hm-2 yr-1, and the primary form was atmospheric dry P deposition (ADD) (76.13 %, 0.76~0.84 kg hm-2 yr-1). Moreover, it was found that the monthly variations of P deposition were strongly influenced by meteorological factors, including precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity. However, the fluxes of ADD and ATD were more affected by land use, which increased with the agro-facility, town, and paddy field areas, but decreased with the forest and country road areas. These findings suggested that ADD was the primary form of ATD, and P deposition could be both affected by meteorological factors and land use types. Thus, proper management of land use may be helpful for mitigating the pollution caused by P deposition.
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Yuanyuan Chen et al.
Status: open (until 18 Aug 2022)
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RC1: 'Comment on acp-2022-388', Anonymous Referee #1, 20 Jul 2022
reply
This study measured atmospheric phosphorus deposition in rural-urban gradient for two years in China, and identified the contributing factor including meteorological parameters and land use. This study shows the temporal and spatial patterns of wet and dry deposition and the general patterns using adequate data. I believe that the manuscript is accepted after the modifications commented by the reviewer.
Source/sink (L311-315; L346-357; L388-389)
A negative correlation between P deposition and country road/forest does not always indicate “sink” land use for P deposition. Because P deposition can be derived from soil particles containing P, a negative correlation indicates lower levels of P sources for P deposition in road and forest than in other land use such as agricultural areas. Although land-use of agriculture is intensive “source” for P deposition, the use of “sink” is carefully modified.
Minor comments
L13 phosphorus (P) à P
L19 76.13 à 76.1
L45 I don’t think that the term “in-situ” is needed in this manuscript. (also L85, L378)
L51 What is “so caused”?
L73 “different” P-containing aerosols: What “different”?
L102 Please clarify how to calculate the total area.
L125 Please provide how many samples for wet deposition were collected.
L144 P types: What “types”?
L162 Please add the replication protocol in section 2.2 sample collection and analysis.
L173 no data in February 2015 in Figure 2.
L179 25.0% to 99.7 % would be preferable.
L179 delete “generally”
L184 Please define which months are categorized as summer.
L191 I could not understand “three types of depositions”.
L194 R=574: probably R=0.574
L218 I could not understand “during almost the whole year”.
L232 1.42-3.11 times higher: suggest “xx degree higher”. Because temperature is also expressed as kelvin in addition to the degree.
L233-235 The effect of temperature is not adequately discussed and supported. Huang et al (2011) referred to in this study deal with sediment, not the atmosphere.
L237-249 Is there any possibility that P fertilizer was intensively emitted into the air in autumn, which enhances dry P deposition in autumn?
L252 What deposition?
L263 What is “construction”?
L298 Ling et al. (2022) is not listed in the reference list
L298 I could not understand “this discrepancy”. What differs, although P deposition is higher in agro-facility than in rural, urban, and forested areas, which seems similar to your study?
L323 I could not understand “light”.
L335 The correlation seems higher in August.
L358-375 I think the section of 4.5 Management practice of regional P showing surface water quality is not needed. While adequate data regarding P deposition is shown, the data on surface water quality is marginal.
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RC2: 'Comment on acp-2022-388', Anonymous Referee #2, 23 Jul 2022
reply
By measuring P deposition across an urban-rural transition in China, this work found that i) the fluxes of atmospheric total P deposition ranged from 0.50 to 1.06 kg P hm-2 yr-1, and the primary form was atmospheric dry P deposition (76.13%); ii)the monthly variations of P deposition were strongly influenced by meteorological factors, including precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity; iv) the fluxes of dry P deposition and total P deposition were more affected by land use, which increased with the agro-facility, town, and paddy field areas, but decreased with the forest and country road areas. These results improved our understanding of the spatial and seasonal variations in P deposition. Although some results were not correctly interpreted, the manuscript is generally well-written and pleasant to read. The manuscript can be accepted for publication after a minor revision.
Specific comments
L20-21: This is incorrect. Correlation doesn’t mean causality. Temperature and precipitation doesn’t affect total P deposition! P emissions do!
L24-25: It is well-known that dry P deposition is the primary form of total P deposition.
L62-66: The correlations depend on whether total or wet deposition is analyzed. For instance, wet deposition correlates strongly with precipitation but total deposition doesn’t.
L79-80: Bulk deposition of P is likely very close to total P deposition.
L119-121 & 125: I don’t believe you can do this manually for two years!
L157-158: Why a radius of 5 kilometers?
L193-197 & Section 4.1: Correlation doesn’t mean causality. See comments above.
L215-216: Define agro-facility areas first.
L258-261: Reference?
L301: Bulk deposition is measured using consistently open sampler. For P, I think bulk deposition includes wet deposition and a major proportion of dry deposition.
L308-309: Any details and evidences?
L350-351: Incorrect statement! Forest canopy strengthens deposition!
L370-374: References?
Finally, the ecological effects of P deposition are mediated by N deposition. What about N deposition in this region? This should be discussed somewhere.
Yuanyuan Chen et al.
Yuanyuan Chen et al.
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