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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACPD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACPD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7375</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-2021-158</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Shift in seasonal snowpack melt-out date due to light-absorbing particles at a high-altitude site in Central Himalaya</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ström</surname>
<given-names>Johan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Svensson</surname>
<given-names>Jonas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Honkanen</surname>
<given-names>Henri</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-3294</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Asmi</surname>
<given-names>Eija</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-2360</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dkhar</surname>
<given-names>Nathaniel B.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-148X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tayal</surname>
<given-names>Shresth</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sharma</surname>
<given-names>Ved P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hooda</surname>
<given-names>Rakesh</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Meinander</surname>
<given-names>Outi</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-3951</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Leppäranta</surname>
<given-names>Matti</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jacobi</surname>
<given-names>Hans-Werner</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2230-3136</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lihavainen</surname>
<given-names>Heikki</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hyvärinen</surname>
<given-names>Antti</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE, Grenoble, 38000, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,   Finland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>The Energy and Resource Institute, (TERI) New Delhi, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>TERI School of Advanced Studies (TERI SAS), New Delhi, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System, Longyearbyen, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>26</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2021</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2021 Johan Ström et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2021-158/">This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2021-158/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2021-158/acp-2021-158.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2021-158/acp-2021-158.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>&lt;p&gt;Snow darkening by deposited light-absorbing particles (LAP) has the potential to accelerate snowmelt and shift the snow melt-out date. Here we investigate the sensitivity of the seasonal snow cover duration to changes in LAP at a high altitude valley site in the Central Himalayas, India. First, the variation of the albedo of the seasonal snow was emulated using two seasons of automatic weather station (AWS) data and applying a constant, but realistic deposition of LAP to the snow. Then, the number of days with snowmelt were evaluated based on the estimated net energy budget of the seasonal snow cover and the derived surface temperature. The impact on the energy budget by LAP combined with the melt-day analysis resulted in very simple relations to determine the contribution of LAP to the number of days with snowmelt of the seasonal snow in Himalaya. Above a concentration of 1 ng g-1 (Elemental Carbon equivalent, ECeq, which in this study includes EC and the absorption equivalent EC contribution by other light absorbing particles, such as mineral dust) in new snow, the number of days with snowmelt can be estimated by; days=0.0109(log&amp;#8289;(&amp;#12310;EC&amp;#12311;_eq )+1)PP&amp;plusmn;0.0033(log&amp;#8289;(&amp;#12310;EC&amp;#12311;_eq )+1)PP, where PP is the seasonal precipitation in mm snow water equivalent. A change in ECeq by a factor of two corresponds to about 1/3 of a day per 100 mm precipitation. Although the change in the number of days with melt caused by the changes in ECeq is small, the estimated total change in the snow melt-out date by LAP can be significant. For our realistic base case scenario for the Sunderdhunga Valley, Central Himalayas, India, of ECeq=100 ng g-1 and PP=400 mm, this yields in an advancement of the melt-out date of about 13 days.&lt;/p&gt;</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="21"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Research Council of Finland</funding-source>
<award-id>268004</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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