ACPD Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ACPD Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 1680-7375 Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acpd-14-8495-2014 Non-agricultural ammonia emissions in urban China Chang Y. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-5330 1 2 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China 31 03 2014 14 6 8495 8531 Copyright: © 2014 Y. H. Chang 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/14/8495/2014/acpd-14-8495-2014.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/14/8495/2014/acpd-14-8495-2014.pdf

The non-agricultural ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions in cities have received little attention but could rival agricultural sources in term of the efficiency in PM formation. The starting point for finding credible solutions is to comprehensively establish a city-specific Non-agricultural Ammonia Emission Inventory (NAEI) and identify the largest sources where efforts can be directed to deliver the largest impact. In this paper, I present a NAEI of 113 national key cities targeted on environmental protection in China in 2010, which for the first time covers NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from pets, infants, smokers, green land, and household products. Results show that totally 210 478 Mg, the NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from traffic, fuel combustion, waste disposal, pets, green land, human, and household products are 67 671 Mg, 56 275 Mg, 44 289 Mg, 23 355 Mg, 7509 Mg, 7312 Mg, and 4069 Mg, respectively. The NH<sub>3</sub> emission intensity from the municipal districts ranges from 0.08 to 3.13 Mg km<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, with a average of 0.84 Mg km<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>. The high NH<sub>3</sub> emission intensities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta region and Pearl River Delta region support the view that non-agricultural NH<sub>3</sub> sources play a key role in city-scale NH<sub>3</sub> emissions and thus have potentially important implications for secondary PM formation (ammonium-sulfate-nitrate system) in urban agglomeration of China. Therefore, in addition to current SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> controls, China also needs to allocate more scientific, technical, and legal resources on controlling non-agricultural NH<sub>3</sub> emissions in the future.

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