<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Atmos. Chem. Phys.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-8-3033-2008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Measurements of UV radiation on rotating vertical plane at the ALOMAR Observatory (69&amp;deg; N, 16&amp;deg; E), Norway, June 2007</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sobolewski</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Krzyścin</surname>
<given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jaroslawski</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stebel</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>18</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<fpage>3033</fpage>
<lpage>3043</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2008 P. Sobolewski et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/8/3033/2008/acp-8-3033-2008.html">This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/8/3033/2008/acp-8-3033-2008.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/8/3033/2008/acp-8-3033-2008.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/8/3033/2008/acp-8-3033-2008.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Erythemaly weighted UV and total UV-A irradiance measured at the ALOMAR
(Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research; 69&amp;deg; N,
16&amp;deg; E) in June 2007 by two Kipp &amp; Zonen UV broadband meters type,
UV-S-EA-T, are examined. One unit is mounted on rotating vertical plane and
the other is permanently fixed horizontally. The UV broadband meters measure
simultaneously to compare UV irradiances on vertical and horizontal planes.
The entire range of such relative exposure variations during clear-sky and
overcast conditions over ALOMAR in the period March–June 2007 is examined
using STAR and Radonic1 model (developed at the Meteorological Institute,
University of Munich) for various action spectra: erythema, UV-A, and
vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. The model and observations support that the daily means of
relative exposures are quite stable, i.e., vary within the range 0.4–0.6
with the mean around 0.5 when the averaged intra-day, day-to-day, and
seasonal changes of the relative erythemal exposures are considered. It
seems that multiplication of the daily mean dose from a broadband meter
placed horizontally by the factor of 0.5 gives reasonable estimation of the
daily mean exposure on a vertically oriented receiver randomly oriented
towards the Sun. The model studies during clear-sky conditions show that the
extreme value and daily variability of relative exposure are the highest for
UV-A, next for erythemal UV, then for vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; weighed UV irradiance.
The minima of relative exposure (~0.20–0.30) are almost the same for
all weighting functions. The comparison of model simulations and
measurements suggests that specific cloud configuration could lead to
significant enhancement of UV exposure of rotating receiver.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="11"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> CIE (Commision Internationalle de L&apos;Eclairage): Technical report: Action spectrum for the production of previtamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; in human skin, CIE 174, 1–12, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Diffey, B. L.: Ultraviolet radiation dosimetry with polysulphone film, in: Radiation measurements in Photobiology, edited by: Diffey, B. L., 135–159, Academic Press, London, 1989. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Downs, N. and Parisi, A.: Three dimensional visualization of solar UV exposure to the human face, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 6, 90–98, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Holick, M. F.: Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease, Am. J. Clinic. Nutr., 80, 1678S–1688S, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Hülsen, G. and Gröbner, J.: Results from the PMOD/WRC-COST726 broadband intercomparison campaign, in: Proceedings of the UV conference &quot;One century of UV radiation research&quot;, edited by: Gröbner, J., Davos, Switzerland, 61–62, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Kimlin, M. G. and Schallhorn K. A.: Estimation of human vitaminD UV exposure in the USA, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 3, 1067–1070, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Koepke, P., Bais, A., Buchwitz, D. B. M., Backer, H. D., Cabo, X. D., Eckert, P., Eriksen, P., Gillotay D., Heikkilae, A., Koskela, T., Łapeta, B., Lity\&apos;nska, Z., Lorente, J., Mayer,B., Renaud, A., Ruggaber, A., Schauberger, G., Seckmeyer, G., Seifert,P., Schmalwieser A., Schwander, H., Vanicek, K., Weber, M.: Comparison of models used for UV index calculations, Photochem. Photobiol., 67(6), 657–662, 1998. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Koepke, P. and Mech, M.: UV irradiance on arbitrarily oriented surfaces: variations with atmospheric and ground properties, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 81, 25–32, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Leszczynski, K., Jokela, K., Ylianttila, L., Visuri, R., and Blumthaler, M.: Report of the WMO/STUK intercomparison of erythemally-weighted solar UV radiometers, Rep. 112, World Metorological Organization, Helsinki, Finland, 1995. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> McKenzie, R. L., Paulin K. J., and Kotkamp, M.: Erythemal UV irradiance at Lauder, New Zealand: relationship between horizontal and normal incidence, Photochem. Photobiol., 60(5), 683–689, 1997. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> McKinlay, A. F. and Diffey, B. L.: A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin, CIE Journal, 6(1), 17–22, 1987. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mech, M. and Koepke, P.: Model for UV irradiance on arbitrarily oriented surfaces, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 77, 151–158, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Oppenrieder, A., Hoeppe, P., and Koepke, P.: Routine measurements of erythemally effective ultraviolet irradiance on inclined surface, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol., 74, 85–94, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Parisi, A. V. and Kimlin, M. G.: Horizontal and sun-normal spectral biologically effective ultraviolet irradiances, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol., 70–74, 1999. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Ruggaber, A., Dlugi, R., and Nakajima, T.: Modelling radiation quantities and photolysis frequencies in the troposphere, 18, 171–210, 1994. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Schauberger, G.: Model for the global irradiance of the solar biologically effective ultraviolet radiation on inclined surfaces, Photochem. Photobiol., 52(5), 1029–1032, 1990. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Schauberger, G.: Anisotropic model for diffusive biologically effective irradiance of solar UV radiation on inclined surfaces, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 46, 45–51, 1992. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Schwander, H., Koepke, P., Ruggaber, A., Nakajima, T., Kaifel, A., and Oppenrieder, A.: System for transfer of atmospheric radiation STAR- version 2000, http://www.meteo.physik.uni-muenchen.de/strahlung/uvrad/Star/STARinfo.htm, freely available, 2000. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Seckmayer, G., Bais, A. F., Bernhard, G., Blumthaler, M., Boot, C. R., Lantz, R. L., McKenzie, R. L., Disterhoft, P., and Webb, A.: Instruments to measure solar ultraviolet radiation. Part 2: Broadband instruments measuring erythemaly weighted solar irradiance, WMO/GAW 164, Geneva, 51 pp., 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Siani, A. M., Casale, G. R., Diémoz, H., Agnesod, G., Borra, M., Militello, A., Kimlin, M. G., Lang, C. A., and Colosimo, A.: UV exposure on ski-field at an Alpine site, in: Proceedings of the UV conference &quot;One century of UV radiation research&quot;, edited by: Gröbner, J., Davos, Switzerland, 129–130, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Tanskanen, A.: Lambertian Surface Albedo Climatology at 360 nm fromTOMS Data Using Moving Time-Window Technique, Proc. XX Quadr. Oz. Symp., 1–8 June, Kos, Greece, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Webb A. R., Weihs P., and Blumthaler M.: Spectral UV irradiance on vertical surfaces: a case study, Photochem. Photobiol., 69(4), 464–470, 1999. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Webb, A., Gröbner, J., and Blumthaler, M.: A practical guide to operating broadband instruments measuring erythemally weighted irradiance, EU Publications Office, No. EUR22595, 16 pp., 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Wester U. and Josefsson, W.: UV-index and influence of action spectrum and surface inclination, Rep. 127, World Meteorological Organization, Les Diablerets, Switzerland, 1997. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref25">
<label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> WMO (World Meteorological Organization): Report on the WMO meeting of experts on UVB measurements, data quality and standardization of UV indices, Report 95, WMO, Geneva, Switzerland, Les Diablerets, 1994. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref26">
<label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> WMO (World Meteorological Organization): Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2006, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Rep. 50, Geneva Switzerland, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>