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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Atmos. Chem. Phys.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-14-979-2014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Estimates of tropical bromoform emissions using an inversion method</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ashfold</surname>
<given-names>M. J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2191-1554</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>N. R. P.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1256-3006</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Manning</surname>
<given-names>A. J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1431-7514</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Robinson</surname>
<given-names>A. D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Warwick</surname>
<given-names>N. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pyle</surname>
<given-names>J. A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Met Office, Exeter, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>National Centre for Atmospheric  Science, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>now at: School of Biosciences, University of  Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih,  Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>979</fpage>
<lpage>994</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2014 M. J. Ashfold et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/979/2014/acp-14-979-2014.html">This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/979/2014/acp-14-979-2014.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/979/2014/acp-14-979-2014.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/979/2014/acp-14-979-2014.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Bromine plays an important role in ozone chemistry in both the troposphere
and stratosphere. When measured by mass, bromoform (CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) is
thought to be the largest organic source of bromine to the atmosphere. While
seaweed and phytoplankton are known to be dominant sources, the size and the
geographical distribution of CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; emissions remains uncertain.
Particularly little is known about emissions from the Maritime Continent,
which have usually been assumed to be large, and which appear to be
especially likely to reach the stratosphere. In this study we aim to reduce
this uncertainty by combining the first multi-annual set of CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
measurements from this region, and an inversion process, to investigate
systematically the distribution and magnitude of CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; emissions.
The novelty of our approach lies in the application of the inversion method
to CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. We find that local measurements of a short-lived gas like
CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; can be used to constrain emissions from only a relatively
small, sub-regional domain. We then obtain detailed estimates of
CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; emissions within this area, which appear to be relatively
insensitive to the assumptions inherent in the inversion process. We
extrapolate this information to produce estimated emissions for the entire
tropics (defined as 20&amp;deg; S–20&amp;deg; N) of
225 Gg CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; yr&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. The ocean in the area we base our
extrapolations upon is typically somewhat shallower, and more biologically
productive, than the tropical average. Despite this, our tropical estimate is
lower than most other recent studies, and suggests that CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
emissions in the coastline-rich Maritime Continent may not be stronger than
emissions in other parts of the tropics.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="16"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
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