References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

1680-7324

Copernicus Publications

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-14-81-2014

Aerosol impacts on California winter clouds and precipitation during CalWater 2011: local pollution versus long-range transported dust

Fan

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-4391

¹ Leung

L. R.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3221-9467

¹ DeMott

P. J.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-1889

² Comstock

J. M.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-7355

¹ Singh

¹ Rosenfeld

³ Tomlinson

J. M.

¹ White

⁴ Prather

K. A.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3048-9890

⁵ Minnis

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-6148

⁶ Ayers

J. K.

⁷ Min

⁸

Climate Physics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA

Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA

Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel

NOAA/ESRL, R/PSD2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0314, USA

NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, VA, USA

Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, Hampton, VA, USA

Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA

03 01 2014

14 1 81 101

2014

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/81/2014/acp-14-81-2014.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/81/2014/acp-14-81-2014.pdf

Mineral dust aerosols often observed over California in winter and spring, associated with long-range transport from Asia and the Sahara, have been linked to enhanced precipitation based on observations. Local anthropogenic pollution, on the other hand, was shown in previous observational and modeling studies to reduce precipitation. Here we incorporate recent developments in ice nucleation parameterizations to link aerosols with ice crystal formation in a spectral-bin cloud microphysical model coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in order to examine the relative and combined impacts of dust and local pollution particles on cloud properties and precipitation type and intensity. Simulations are carried out for two cloud cases (from the CalWater 2011 field campaign) with contrasting meteorology and cloud dynamics that occurred on 16 February (FEB16) and 2 March (MAR02). In both cases, observations show the presence of dust and biological particles in a relative pristine environment. The simulated cloud microphysical properties and precipitation show reasonable agreement with aircraft and surface measurements. Model sensitivity experiments indicate that in the pristine environment, the dust and biological aerosol layers increase the accumulated precipitation by 10–20% from the Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada for both FEB16 and MAR02 due to a ~40% increase in snow formation, validating the observational hypothesis. Model results show that local pollution increases precipitation over the windward slope of the mountains by a few percent due to increased snow formation when dust is present, but reduces precipitation by 5–8% if dust is removed on FEB16. The effects of local pollution on cloud microphysics and precipitation strongly depend on meteorology, including cloud dynamics and the strength of the Sierra Barrier Jet. This study further underscores the importance of the interactions between local pollution, dust, and environmental conditions for assessing aerosol effects on cold-season precipitation in California.

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