References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

1680-7324

Copernicus Publications

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-14-1167-2014

Global and regional impacts of HONO on the chemical composition of clouds and aerosols

Elshorbany

Y. F.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-3522

¹ Crutzen

P. J.

¹ Steil

¹ Pozzer

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2440-6104

¹ Tost

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-4306

² Lelieveld

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-3846

¹ ³

Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz, Germany

The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus

03 02 2014

14 3 1167 1184

2014

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/1167/2014/acp-14-1167-2014.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/1167/2014/acp-14-1167-2014.pdf

Recently, realistic simulation of nitrous acid (HONO) based on the HONO / NOx ratio of 0.02 was found to have a significant impact on the global budgets of HOx (OH + HO2) and gas phase oxidation products in polluted regions, especially in winter when other photolytic sources are of minor importance. It has been reported that chemistry-transport models underestimate sulphate concentrations, mostly during winter. Here we show that simulating realistic HONO levels can significantly enhance aerosol sulphate (S(VI)) due to the increased formation of H2SO4. Even though in-cloud aqueous phase oxidation of dissolved SO2 (S(IV)) is the main source of S(VI), it appears that HONO related enhancement of H2O2 does not significantly affect sulphate because of the predominantly S(IV) limited conditions, except over eastern Asia. Nitrate is also increased via enhanced gaseous HNO3 formation and N2O5 hydrolysis on aerosol particles. Ammonium nitrate is enhanced in ammonia-rich regions but not under ammonia-limited conditions. Furthermore, particle number concentrations are also higher, accompanied by the transfer from hydrophobic to hydrophilic aerosol modes. This implies a significant impact on the particle lifetime and cloud nucleating properties. The HONO induced enhancements of all species studied are relatively strong in winter though negligible in summer. Simulating realistic HONO levels is found to improve the model-measurement agreement of sulphate aerosols, most apparent over the US. Our results underscore the importance of HONO for the atmospheric oxidizing capacity and corroborate the central role of cloud chemical processing in S(IV) formation.

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