ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP Atmos. Chem. Phys. 1680-7324 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-13-7665-2013 Semi-empirical parameterization of size-dependent atmospheric nanoparticle growth in continental environments Häkkinen S. A. K. 1 Manninen H. E. 1 2 Yli-Juuti T. 1 Merikanto J. 1 Kajos M. K. 1 Nieminen T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2713-715X 1 3 D'Andrea S. D. 4 5 Asmi A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-4684 1 Pierce J. R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4241-838X 4 5 Kulmala M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-7825 1 Riipinen I. 1 6 Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Department of Applied Environmental Science and Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 09 08 2013 13 15 7665 7682 Copyright: © 2013 S. A. K. Häkkinen et al. 2013 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/7665/2013/acp-13-7665-2013.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/7665/2013/acp-13-7665-2013.pdf

The capability to accurately yet efficiently represent atmospheric nanoparticle growth by biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organics is a challenge for current atmospheric large-scale models. It is, however, crucial to predict nanoparticle growth accurately in order to reliably estimate the atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. In this work we introduce a simple semi-empirical parameterization for sub-20 nm particle growth that distributes secondary organics to the nanoparticles according to their size and is therefore able to reproduce particle growth observed in the atmosphere. The parameterization includes particle growth by sulfuric acid, secondary organics from monoterpene oxidation (SORG<sub>MT</sub>) and an additional condensable vapor of non-monoterpene organics ("background"). The performance of the proposed parameterization was investigated using ambient data on particle growth rates in three diameter ranges (1.5–3 nm, 3–7 nm and 7–20 nm). The growth rate data were acquired from particle/air ion number size distribution measurements at six continental sites over Europe. The longest time series of 7 yr (2003–2009) was obtained from a boreal forest site in Hyytiälä, Finland, while about one year of data (2008–2009) was used for the other stations. The extensive ambient measurements made it possible to test how well the parameterization captures the seasonal cycle observed in sub-20 nm particle growth and to determine the weighing factors for distributing the SORG<sub>MT</sub> for different sized particles as well as the background mass flux (concentration). Besides the monoterpene oxidation products, background organics with a concentration comparable to SORG<sub>MT</sub>, around 6 × 10<sup>7</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> (consistent with an additional global SOA yield of 100 Tg yr<sup>&minus;1</sup>) was needed to reproduce the observed nanoparticle growth. Simulations with global models suggest that the "background" could be linked to secondary biogenic organics that are formed in the presence of anthropogenic pollution.

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