ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP Atmos. Chem. Phys. 1680-7324 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-13-2347-2013 Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer schemes in global aerosol modeling: results from the AeroCom Radiative Transfer Experiment Randles C. A. 1 2 Kinne S. 3 Myhre G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-476X 4 Schulz M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-4158 5 Stier P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1191-0128 6 Fischer J. 7 Doppler L. 7 8 Highwood E. 9 Ryder C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6113 9 Harris B. 9 Huttunen J. 10 Ma Y. 11 Pinker R. T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4249-4427 11 Mayer B. 12 Neubauer D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9869-3946 13 14 Hitzenberger R. 13 14 Oreopoulos L. 15 Lee D. 15 16 Pitari G. 17 Di Genova G. 17 18 Quaas J. 19 Rose F. G. 20 21 Kato S. 21 Rumbold S. T. 22 Vardavas I. 23 Hatzianastassiou N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6119-1793 24 Matsoukas C. 25 Yu H. 15 26 Zhang F. 26 Zhang H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8010-8219 27 Lu P. 27 GESTAR/Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, Greenbelt, MD, USA Max Plank Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo (CICERO), Oslo, Norway Meteorologisk Institutt, Oslo, Norway Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Institut für Weltraumwissenschaften, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, Finland University of Maryland, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Maryland, USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munich, Germany Research Platform: ExoLife, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria NASA GSFC Climate and Radiation Laboratory, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy Space Academy Foundation, Fucino Space Center, Ortucchio, Italy Institut für Meteorologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany SSAI, Hampton, VA, USA NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, Virginia, USA UK Met Office (UKMO) Hadley Center, Exeter, UK Department of Physics, University of Crete, Crete, Greece Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Aegean, Greece Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA Laboratory for Climate Studies, CMA, National Climate Center, Beijing, China 01 03 2013 13 5 2347 2379 Copyright: © 2013 C. A. Randles et al. 2013 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/2347/2013/acp-13-2347-2013.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/2347/2013/acp-13-2347-2013.pdf

In this study we examine the performance of 31 global model radiative transfer schemes in cloud-free conditions with prescribed gaseous absorbers and no aerosols (Rayleigh atmosphere), with prescribed scattering-only aerosols, and with more absorbing aerosols. Results are compared to benchmark results from high-resolution, multi-angular line-by-line radiation models. For purely scattering aerosols, model bias relative to the line-by-line models in the top-of-the atmosphere aerosol radiative forcing ranges from roughly −10 to 20%, with over- and underestimates of radiative cooling at lower and higher solar zenith angle, respectively. Inter-model diversity (relative standard deviation) increases from ~10 to 15% as solar zenith angle decreases. Inter-model diversity in atmospheric and surface forcing decreases with increased aerosol absorption, indicating that the treatment of multiple-scattering is more variable than aerosol absorption in the models considered. Aerosol radiative forcing results from multi-stream models are generally in better agreement with the line-by-line results than the simpler two-stream schemes. Considering radiative fluxes, model performance is generally the same or slightly better than results from previous radiation scheme intercomparisons. However, the inter-model diversity in aerosol radiative forcing remains large, primarily as a result of the treatment of multiple-scattering. Results indicate that global models that estimate aerosol radiative forcing with two-stream radiation schemes may be subject to persistent biases introduced by these schemes, particularly for regional aerosol forcing.

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