References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

1680-7324

Copernicus Publications

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-13-10859-2013

Observations of filamentary structures near the vortex edge in the Arctic winter lower stratosphere

Kalicinsky

¹ Grooß

J.-U.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-866X

² Günther

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4111-6221

² Ungermann

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9095-8332

² Blank

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-6677

² Höfer

² Hoffmann

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3773-4377

³ Knieling

¹ Olschewski

¹ Spang

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-5761

² Stroh

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-2977

² Riese

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-6493

Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Stratosphere (IEK-7), Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany

Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany

07 11 2013

13 21 10859 10871

2013

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/10859/2013/acp-13-10859-2013.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/10859/2013/acp-13-10859-2013.pdf

The CRISTA-NF (Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescope for the Atmosphere – New Frontiers) instrument is an airborne infrared limb sounder operated aboard the Russian research aircraft M55-Geophysica. The instrument successfully participated in a large Arctic aircraft campaign within the RECONCILE (Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions) project in Kiruna (Sweden) from January to March 2010. This paper concentrates on the measurements taken during one flight of the campaign, which took place on 2 March in the vicinity of the polar vortex. We present two-dimensional cross-sections of derived volume mixing ratios for the trace gases CFC-11, O3, and ClONO2 with an unprecedented vertical resolution of about 500 to 600 m for a large part of the observed altitude range (≈ 6–19 km) and a dense horizontal sampling along flight direction of ≈ 15 km. The trace gas distributions show several structures, for example a part of the polar vortex and a vortex filament, which can be identified by means of O3–CFC-11 tracer–tracer correlations. The observations made during this flight are interpreted using the chemistry and transport model CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere). Comparisons of the observations with the model results are used to assess the performance of the model with respect to advection, mixing, and the chemistry in the polar vortex. These comparisons confirm the capability of CLaMS to reproduce even very small-scale structures in the atmosphere, which partly have a vertical extent of only 1 km. Based on the good agreement between simulation and observation, we use artificial (passive) tracers, which represent different air mass origins (e.g. vortex, tropics), to further analyse the CRISTA-NF observations in terms of the composition of air mass origins. These passive tracers clearly illustrate the observation of filamentary structures that include tropical air masses. A characteristic of the Arctic winter 2009/10 was a sudden stratospheric warming in December that led to a split of the polar vortex. The vortex re-established at the end of December. Our passive tracer simulations suggest that large parts of the re-established vortex consisted to about 45% of high- and mid-latitude air.

European Commission

RECONCILE - Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions. (226365)

References 1

Bernath, P. F., McElroy, C. T., Abrams, M. C., Boone, C. D., Butler, M., Camy-Peyret, C., Carleer, M., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P.-F., Colin, R., DeCola, P., DeMaziére, M., Drummond, J. R., Dufour, D., Evans, W. F. J., Fast, H., Fussen, D., Gilbert, K., Jennings, D. E., Llewellyn, E. J., Lowe, R. P., Mahieu, E., McConnell, J. C., McHugh, M., McLeod, S. D., Michaud, R., Midwinter, C., Nassar, R., Nichitiu, F., Nowlan, C., Rinsland, C. P., Rochon, Y. J., Rowlands, N., Semeniuk, K., Simon, P., Skelton, R., Sloan, J. J., Soucy, M.-A., Strong, K., Tremblay, P., Turnbull, D., Walker, K. A., Walkty, I., Wardle, D. A., Wehrle, V., Zander, R., and Zou, J.: Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE): mission overview, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S01, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022386">https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022386</a>, 2005.

Birner, T., Sankey, D, and Shepherd, T. G.: The tropopause inversion layer in models and analyses, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L14804, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026549">https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026549</a>, 2006.

Dörnbrack, A., Pitts, M. C., Poole, L. R., Orsolini, Y. J., Nishii, K., and Nakamura, H.: The 2009–2010 Arctic stratospheric winter – general evolution, mountain waves and predictability of an operational weather forecast model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3659–3675, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3659-2012">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3659-2012</a>, 2012.

Douglass, A. R., Schoeberl, M. R., Stolarski, R. S., Waters III, J. J. M. R., Roche, A. E., and Massie, S. T.: Interhemispheric differences in springtime production of \chemHCl and ClONO2 in the polar vortices, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13967–13978, 1995.

Fastie, W.: Ebert Spectrometer Reflections, Phys. Today, 4, 37–43, 1991.

Fischer, H., Birk, M., Blom, C., Carli, B., Carlotti, M., von Clarmann, T., Delbouille, L., Dudhia, A., Ehhalt, D., Endemann, M., Flaud, J. M., Gessner, R., Kleinert, A., Koopman, R., Langen, J., López-Puertas, M., Mosner, P., Nett, H., Oelhaf, H., Perron, G., Remedios, J., Ridolfi, M., Stiller, G., and Zander, R.: MIPAS: an instrument for atmospheric and climate research, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2151–2188, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2151-2008">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2151-2008</a>, 2008.

Grooß, J.-U., Günther, G., Müller, R., Konopka, P., Bausch, S., Schlager, H., Voigt, C., Volk, C. M., and Toon, G. C.: Simulation of denitrification and ozone loss for the Arctic winter 2002/2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1437–1448, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1437-2005">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1437-2005</a>, 2005.

Grooß, J.-U., Engel, I., Borrmann, S., Frey, W., Günther, G., Hoyle, C. R., Kivi, R., Luo, B. P., Molleker, S., Peter, T., Pitts, M. C., Schlager, H., Stiller, G., Vömel, H., Walker, K. A., and Müller, R.: NAT nucleation and denitrification in the Arctic stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13, 22107–22150, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-22107-2013">https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-22107-2013</a>, 2013.

Grossmann, K. U., Offermann, D., Gusev, O., Oberheide, J., Riese, M., and Spang, R.: The CRISTA-2 mission, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8173, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000667">https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000667</a>, 2002.

Günther, G., Müller, R., von Hobe, M., Stroh, F., Konopka, P., and Volk, C. M.: Quantification of transport across the boundary of the lower stratospheric vortex during Arctic winter 2002/2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3655–3670, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3655-2008">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3655-2008</a>, 2008.

Hoffmann, L. and Alexander, M. J.: Retrieval of stratospheric temperatures from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder radiance measurements for gravity wave studies, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D07105, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011241">https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011241</a>, 2009.

Hoffmann, L., Kaufmann, M., Spang, R., Müller, R., Remedios, J. J., Moore, D. P., Volk, C. M., von Clarmann, T., and Riese, M.: Envisat MIPAS measurements of CFC-11: retrieval, validation, and climatology, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3671–3688, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3671-2008">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3671-2008</a>, 2008.

Hoffmann, L., Weigel, K., Spang, R., Schroeder, S., Arndt, K., Lehmann, C., Kaufmann, M., Ern, M., Preusse, P., Stroh, F., and Riese, M.: CRISTA-NF measurements of water vapor during the SCOUT-O3 Tropical Aircraft Campaign, Adv. Space Res., 43, 74–81, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2008.03.018">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2008.03.018</a>, 2009.

Hoor, P., Fischer, H., Lange, L., Lelieveld, J., and Brunner, D.: Seasonal variations of a mixing layer in the lowermost stratosphere as identified by the \chemCO-O3 correlation from in situ measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4044, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000289">https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000289</a>, 2002.

IPCC: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contributions of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007.

Konopka, P., Steinhorst, H.-M., Grooß, J.-U., Günther, G., Müller, R., Elkins, J. W., Jost, H.-J., Richard, E., Schmidt, U., Toon, G., and McKenna, D. S.: Mixing and ozone loss in the 1999–2000 Arctic vortex: simulations with the three-dimensional Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS), J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02315, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003792">https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003792</a>, 2004.

Konopka, P., Günther, G., Müller, R., dos Santos, F. H. S., Schiller, C., Ravegnani, F., Ulanovsky, A., Schlager, H., Volk, C. M., Viciani, S., Pan, L. L., McKenna, D.-S., and Riese, M.: Contribution of mixing to upward transport across the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3285–3308, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3285-2007">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3285-2007</a>, 2007.

Kullmann, A., Riese, M., Olschewski, F., Stroh, F., and Grossmann, K. U.: Cryogenic infrared} spectrometers and telescopes for the atmosphere – new {Frontiers, Proc. SPIE, 5570, 423–432, 2004.

Lait, L. R.: An alternative form for potential vorticity, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1754–1759, 1994.

McKenna, D. S., Grooß, J.-U., Günther, G., Konopka, P., Müller, R., Carver, G., and Sasano, Y.: A new Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) 2. formulation of chemistry scheme and initialization, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4256, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000113">https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000113</a>, 2002a.

McKenna, D. S., Konopka, P., Grooß, J.-U., Günther, G., Müller, R., Spang, R., Offermann, D., and Orsolini, Y.: A new Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) 1. formulation of advection and mixing, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4309, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000114">https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000114</a>, 2002b.

Müller, R. and Günther, G.: A generalized form of Lait's Modified Potential Vorticity, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2229–2237, 2003.

Müller, R., Tilmes, S., Konopka, P., Grooß, J.-U., and Jost, H.-J.: Impact of mixing and chemical change on ozone-tracer relations in the polar vortex, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3139–3151, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-3139-2005">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-3139-2005</a>, 2005.

Nash, E. R., Newman, P. A., Rosenfield, J. E., and Schoeberl, M. R.: An objective determination of the polar vortex using Ertel's potential vorticity, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9471–9478, 1996.

Offermann, D., Grossmann, K.-U., Barthol, P., Knieling, P., Riese, M., and Trant, R.: Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment and middle atmosphere variability, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16311–16325, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998JD100047">https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD100047</a>, 1999.

Plumb, R. A.: Tracer interrelationships in the stratosphere, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG4005, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000179">https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000179</a>, 2007.

Riese, M., Tie, X., Brasseur, G., and Offermann, D.: Three-dimensional simulation of stratospheric trace gas distributions measured by CRISTA, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16419–16435, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900178">https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900178</a>, 1999.

Riese, M., Manney, G. L., Oberheide, J., Tie, X., Spang, R., and Küll, V.: Stratospheric transport by planetary wave mixing as observed during CRISTA-2, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8179, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000629">https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000629</a>, 2002.

Riese, M., Ploeger, F., Rap, A., Vogel, B., Konopka, P., Dameris, M., and Forster, P.: Impact of uncertainties in atmospheric mixing on simulated UTLS composition and related radiative effects, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D16305, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017751">https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017751</a>, 2012.

Santee, M., MacKenzie, I., Manney, G., Chipperfield, M., Bernath, P., Walker, K., Boone, C., Froidevaux, L., Livesey, N., and Waters, J.: A study of stratospheric chlorine partitioning based on new satellite measurements and modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D12307, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009057">https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009057</a>, 2008.

Schroeder, S., Kullman, A., Preusse, P., Stroh, F., Weigel, K., Ern, M., Knieling, P., Olschewski, F., Spang, R., and Riese, M.: Radiance calibration of CRISTA-NF, Adv. Space Res., 43, 1910–1917, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2009.03.009">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2009.03.009</a>, 2009.

Spang, R., Hoffmann, L., Kullmann, A., Olschewski, F., Preusse, P., Knieling, P., Schroeder, S., Stroh, F., Weigel, K., and Riese, M.: High resolution limb observations of clouds by the CRISTA-NF experiment during the SCOUT}-{O3 tropical aircraft campaign, Adv. Space Res., 42, 1765–1775, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.09.036">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.09.036</a>, 2008.

Ungermann, J.: Improving retrieval quality for airborne limb sounders by horizontal regularisation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 15–32, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-15-2013">https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-15-2013</a>, 2013.

Ungermann, J., Hoffmann, L., Preusse, P., Kaufmann, M., and Riese, M.: Tomographic retrieval approach for mesoscale gravity wave observations by the PREMIER Infrared Limb-Sounder, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 339–354, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-339-2010">https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-339-2010</a>, 2010.

Ungermann, J., Kalicinsky, C., Olschewski, F., Knieling, P., Hoffmann, L., Blank, J., Woiwode, W., Oelhaf, H., Hösen, E., Volk, C. M., Ulanovsky, A., Ravegnani, F., Weigel, K., Stroh, F., and Riese, M.: CRISTA-NF measurements with unprecedented vertical resolution during the RECONCILE aircraft campaign, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1173–1191, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1173-2012">https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1173-2012</a>, 2012.

Ungermann, J., Pan, L. L., Kalicinsky, C., Olschewski, F., Knieling, P., Blank, J., Weigel, K., Guggenmoser, T., Stroh, F., Hoffmann, L., and Riese, M.: Filamentary structure in chemical tracer distributions near the subtropical jet following a wave breaking event, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13, 5039–5089, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-5039-2013">https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-5039-2013</a>, 2013.

von Hobe, M., Bekki, S., Borrmann, S., Cairo, F., D'Amato, F., Di Donfrancesco, G., Dörnbrack, A., Ebersoldt, A., Ebert, M., Emde, C., Engel, I., Ern, M., Frey, W., Genco, S., Griessbach, S., Grooß, J.-U., Gulde, T., Günther, G., Hösen, E., Hoffmann, L., Homonnai, V., Hoyle, C. R., Isaksen, I. S. A., Jackson, D. R., Jánosi, I. M., Jones, R. L., Kandler, K., Kalicinsky, C., Keil, A., Khaykin, S. M., Khosrawi, F., Kivi, R., Kuttippurath, J., Laube, J. C., Lefèvre, F., Lehmann, R., Ludmann, S., Luo, B. P., Marchand, M., Meyer, J., Mitev, V., Molleker, S., Müller, R., Oelhaf, H., Olschewski, F., Orsolini, Y., Peter, T., Pfeilsticker, K., Piesch, C., Pitts, M. C., Poole, L. R., Pope, F. D., Ravegnani, F., Rex, M., Riese, M., Röckmann, T., Rognerud, B., Roiger, A., Rolf, C., Santee, M. L., Scheibe, M., Schiller, C., Schlager, H., Siciliani de Cumis, M., Sitnikov, N., Søvde, O. A., Spang, R., Spelten, N., Stordal, F., Sumin'ska-Ebersoldt, O., Ulanovski, A., Ungermann, J., Viciani, S., Volk, C. M., vom Scheidt, M., von der Gathen, P., Walker, K., Wegner, T., Weigel, R., Weinbruch, S., Wetzel, G., Wienhold, F. G., Wohltmann, I., Woiwode, W., Young, I. A. K., Yushkov, V., Zobrist, B., and Stroh, F.: Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions (RECONCILE): activities and results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9233–9268, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9233-2013">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9233-2013</a>, 2013.

Waters, J., Froidevaux, L., Harwood, R., Jarnot, R., Pickett, H., Read, W., Siegel, P., Cofield, R., Filipiak, M., Flower, D., Holden, J., Lau, G., Livesey, N., Manney, G., Pumphrey, H., Santee, M., Wu, D., Cuddy, D., Lay, R., Loo, M., Perun, V., Schwartz, M., Stek, P., Thurstans, R., Boyles, M., Chandra, K., Chavez, M., Chen, G.-S., Chudasama, B., Dodge, R., Fuller, R., Girard, M., Jiang, J., Jiang, Y., Knosp, B., LaBelle, R., Lam, J., Lee, K., Miller, D., Oswald, J., Patel, N., Pukala, D., Quintero, O., Scaff, D., Van Snyder, W., Tope, M., Wagner, P., and Walch, M.: The E}arth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS {MLS) on the Aura Satellite, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 44, 1075–1092, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.873771">https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.873771</a>, 2006.

Weigel, K., Riese, M., Hoffmann, L., Hoefer, S., Kalicinsky, C., Knieling, P., Olschewski, F., Preusse, P., Spang, R., Stroh, F., and Volk, C. M.: CRISTA-NF measurements during the AMMA-SCOUT-O3 aircraft campaign, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 1437–1455, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-1437-2010">https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-1437-2010</a>, 2010.

Weigel, K., Hoffmann, L., Günther, G., Khosrawi, F., Olschewski, F., Preusse, P., Spang, R., Stroh, F., and Riese, M.: A stratospheric intrusion at the subtropical jet over the Mediterranean Sea: air-borne remote sensing observations and model results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8423–8438, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8423-2012">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8423-2012</a>, 2012.

WMO: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 50, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007.