References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

1680-7324

Copernicus Publications

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-12-7809-2012

Chemically-resolved aerosol eddy covariance flux measurements in urban Mexico City during MILAGRO 2006

Zalakeviciute

¹ ⁸ Alexander

M. L.

² Allwine

³ Jimenez

J. L.

⁴ Jobson

B. T.

³ Molina

L. T.

⁵ Nemitz

⁶ Pressley

S.N.

³ VanReken

T. M.

³ Ulbrich

I. M.

⁴ Velasco

⁷ Lamb

B. K.

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA

Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA

Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

Molina Center for Energy and the Environment (MCE2), USA

Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK

Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling, Singapore

formerly at: Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA

31 08 2012

12 16 7809 7823

2012

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/12/7809/2012/acp-12-7809-2012.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/12/7809/2012/acp-12-7809-2012.pdf

As part of the MILAGRO 2006 field campaign, the exchange of atmospheric aerosols with the urban landscape was measured from a tall tower erected in a heavily populated neighborhood of Mexico City. Urban submicron aerosol fluxes were measured using an eddy covariance method with a quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer during a two week period in March, 2006. Nitrate and ammonium aerosol concentrations were elevated at this location near the city center compared to measurements at other urban sites. Significant downward fluxes of nitrate aerosol, averaging −0.2 μg m−2 s−1, were measured during daytime. The urban surface was not a significant source of sulfate aerosols. The measurements also showed that primary organic aerosol fluxes, approximated by hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols (HOA), displayed diurnal patterns similar to CO2 fluxes and anthropogenic urban activities. Overall, 47% of submicron organic aerosol emissions were HOA, 35% were oxygenated (OOA) and 18% were associated with biomass burning (BBOA). Organic aerosol fluxes were bi-directional, but on average HOA fluxes were 0.1 μg m−2 s−1, OOA fluxes were −0.03 μg m−2 s−1, and BBOA fluxes were −0.03 μg m−2 s−1. After accounting for size differences (PM1 vs PM2.5) and using an estimate of the black carbon component, comparison of the flux measurements with the 2006 gridded emissions inventory of Mexico City, showed that the daily-averaged total PM emission rates were essentially identical for the emission inventory and the flux measurements. However, the emission inventory included dust and metal particulate contributions, which were not included in the flux measurements. As a result, it appears that the inventory underestimates overall PM emissions for this location.

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