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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Atmos. Chem. Phys.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Development of the RAQM2 aerosol chemical transport model and predictions of the Northeast Asian aerosol mass, size, chemistry, and mixing type</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kajino</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Inomata</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sato</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ueda</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Han</surname>
<given-names>Z.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>An</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Katata</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Deushi</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Maki</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Oshima</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kurokawa</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ohara</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Takami</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hatakeyama</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, 1182 Sowa, Nishi, Niigata 950-2144, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Toyohashi Institute of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku, Toyohashi 950-2144, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>17</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<issue>24</issue>
<fpage>11833</fpage>
<lpage>11856</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2012 M. Kajino et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/12/11833/2012/acp-12-11833-2012.html">This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/12/11833/2012/acp-12-11833-2012.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/12/11833/2012/acp-12-11833-2012.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/12/11833/2012/acp-12-11833-2012.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>A new aerosol chemical transport model, the Regional Air Quality Model 2
(RAQM2), was developed to simulate the Asian air quality. We implemented a
simple version of a triple-moment modal aerosol dynamics model (MADMS) and
achieved a completely dynamic (non-equilibrium) solution of a gas-to-particle
mass transfer over a wide range of aerosol diameters from 1 nm to
super-μm. To consider a variety of atmospheric aerosol properties, a
category approach was utilized in which the aerosols were distributed into
four categories: particles in the Aitken mode (ATK), soot-free particles in
the accumulation mode (ACM), soot aggregates (AGR), and particles in the
coarse mode (COR). The aerosol size distribution in each category is
characterized by a single mode. The condensation, evaporation, and Brownian
coagulations for each mode were solved dynamically. A regional-scale
simulation (&amp;Delta;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt; = 60 km) was performed for the entire year of 2006
covering the Northeast Asian region. The modeled PM&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;/bulk ratios of the
chemical components were consistent with observations, indicating that the
simulated aerosol mixing types were consistent with those in nature. The
non–sea-salt SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&amp;minus;&lt;/sup&gt; mixed with ATK + ACM was the largest at Hedo in
summer, whereas the SOSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&amp;minus;&lt;/sup&gt; was substantially mixed with AGR in the
cold seasons. Ninety-eight percent of the modeled NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/sup&gt; was mixed with
sea salt at Hedo, whereas 53.7% of the NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/sup&gt; was mixed with sea
salt at Gosan, which is located upwind toward the Asian continent. The
condensation of HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; onto sea salt particles during transport over the
ocean accounts for the difference in the NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/sup&gt; mixing type at the two
sites. Because the aerosol mixing type alters the optical properties and
cloud condensation nuclei activity, its accurate prediction and evaluation
are indispensable for aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction studies.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="24"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
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