ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP Atmos. Chem. Phys. 1680-7324 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-10-7545-2010 Low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide Woodhouse M. T. 1 Carslaw K. S. 1 Mann G. W. 2 Vallina S. M. 3 5 Vogt M. 3 6 Halloran P. R. 4 Boucher O. 4 Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Met Office Hadley Centre, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, UK now at: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Mass. Ave, Cambridge, USA now at: ETH Zürich, Institut für Biogeochemie und Schadstoffdynamik, CHN E 28.1, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland 16 08 2010 10 16 7545 7559 Copyright: © 2010 M. T. Woodhouse et al. 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/10/7545/2010/acp-10-7545-2010.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/10/7545/2010/acp-10-7545-2010.pdf

The emission of dimethyl-sulphide (DMS) gas by phytoplankton and the subsequent formation of aerosol has long been suggested as an important climate regulation mechanism. The key aerosol quantity is the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but until recently global models did not include the necessary aerosol physics to quantify CCN. Here we use a global aerosol microphysics model to calculate the sensitivity of CCN to changes in DMS emission using multiple present-day and future sea-surface DMS climatologies. Calculated annual fluxes of DMS to the atmosphere for the five model-derived and one observations based present day climatologies are in the range 15.1 to 32.3 Tg a<sup>−1</sup> sulphur. The impact of DMS climatology on surface level CCN concentrations was calculated in terms of summer and winter hemispheric mean values of ΔCCN/ΔFlux<sub>DMS</sub>, which varied between −43 and +166 cm<sup>−3</sup>/(mg m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> sulphur), with a mean of 63 cm<sup>−3</sup>/(mg m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> sulphur). The range is due to CCN production in the atmosphere being strongly dependent on the spatial distribution of the emitted DMS. The relative sensitivity of CCN to DMS (i.e. fractional change in CCN divided by fractional change in DMS flux) depends on the abundance of non-DMS derived aerosol in each hemisphere. The relative sensitivity averaged over the five present day DMS climatologies is estimated to be 0.02 in the northern hemisphere (i.e. a 0.02% change in CCN for a 1% change in DMS) and 0.07 in the southern hemisphere where aerosol abundance is lower. In a globally warmed scenario in which the DMS flux increases by ~1% relative to present day we estimate a ~0.1% increase in global mean CCN at the surface. The largest CCN response occurs in the Southern Ocean, contributing to a Southern Hemisphere mean annual increase of less than 0.2%. We show that the changes in DMS flux and CCN concentration between the present day and global warming scenario are similar to interannual differences due to variability in windspeed. In summary, although DMS makes a significant contribution to global marine CCN concentrations, the sensitivity of CCN to potential future changes in DMS flux is very low. This finding, together with the predicted small changes in future seawater DMS concentrations, suggests that the role of DMS in climate regulation is very weak.

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