ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP Atmos. Chem. Phys. 1680-7324 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-10-4065-2010 Airborne measurements of the spatial distribution of aerosol chemical composition across Europe and evolution of the organic fraction Morgan W. T. 1 Allan J. D. 1 2 Bower K. N. 1 Highwood E. J. 3 Liu D. 1 McMeeking G. R. 1 Northway M. J. 3 Williams P. I. 1 2 Krejci R. 4 Coe H. 1 Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK Department of Applied Environmental Science, Atmospheric Science Unit, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 29 04 2010 10 8 4065 4083 Copyright: © 2010 W. T. Morgan et al. 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/10/4065/2010/acp-10-4065-2010.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/10/4065/2010/acp-10-4065-2010.pdf

The spatial distribution of aerosol chemical composition and the evolution of the Organic Aerosol (OA) fraction is investigated based upon airborne measurements of aerosol chemical composition in the planetary boundary layer across Europe. Sub-micron aerosol chemical composition was measured using a compact Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS). A range of sampling conditions were evaluated, including relatively clean background conditions, polluted conditions in North-Western Europe and the near-field to far-field outflow from such conditions. Ammonium nitrate and OA were found to be the dominant chemical components of the sub-micron aerosol burden, with mass fractions ranging from 20–50% each. Ammonium nitrate was found to dominate in North-Western Europe during episodes of high pollution, reflecting the enhanced NO<sub>x</sub> and ammonia sources in this region. OA was ubiquitous across Europe and concentrations generally exceeded sulphate by 30–160%. A factor analysis of the OA burden was performed in order to probe the evolution across this large range of spatial and temporal scales. Two separate Oxygenated Organic Aerosol (OOA) components were identified; one representing an aged-OOA, termed Low Volatility-OOA and another representing fresher-OOA, termed Semi Volatile-OOA on the basis of their mass spectral similarity to previous studies. The factors derived from different flights were not chemically the same but rather reflect the range of OA composition sampled during a particular flight. Significant chemical processing of the OA was observed downwind of major sources in North-Western Europe, with the LV-OOA component becoming increasingly dominant as the distance from source and photochemical processing increased. The measurements suggest that the aging of OA can be viewed as a continuum, with a progression from a less oxidised, semi-volatile component to a highly oxidised, less-volatile component. Substantial amounts of pollution were observed far downwind of continental Europe, with OA and ammonium nitrate being the major constituents of the sub-micron aerosol burden. Such anthropogenically perturbed air masses can significantly perturb regional climate far downwind of major source regions.

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